習題1：詞的共時研究

第一章 ?詞的形態(tài)構成

重點提示：詞的定義，語素定義與分類，語素變體

難點提示：詞的同一性問題，語素的同一性問題

1. Organize the following terms into a tree diagram to show their logical relationships.?

affix ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?morpheme

derivational affix ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? free root

bound root ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?inflectional affix

prefix ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? free morpheme

bound morpheme ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? suffix ? ??

2. Fill in the form below. Your examples must come from the following words:

carelessness = care + -less + -ness

internationalize = inter- + nation + -al + -ize

dogs = dog + -s

buses = bus + -es

killed = kill + -ed

第二章 詞的意義

重點提示：意義分類、意義三角理論、語義成分分析

難點提示：

1. Organize the following terms into a tree diagram to show their logical relationships.

word meaning ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? grammatical meaning

lexical ? meaning ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? conceptual meaning

associative meaning ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?connotative meaning

social meaning ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?stylistic meaning

affective meaning ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?collocative ?meaning

2. Ogden & Richards proposed a theory for word meaning, which is refered to as semantic triangle. please draw the semantic triangle below.?

3. Finish the componential analysis of MAN, WOMAN, BOY, GIRL by filling in "+" and "-" in the matrix below.?

? ? ? ? ? ? ?human ? adult ? ? male ? ? animate

man

woman

boy

girl?

第三章 詞的語境意義

重點提示：語境類型、語境作用、語境意義與原義的關系

難點提示：

1. Two types of contexts are linguistic context and extra-linguistic context.

2. Three functions of context are elimilating ambiguity, conveying emotional overtones and indicating referents.?