(一)定語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象
限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞 that, which, whom 常可以省略; 當(dāng)先行詞是 time(次數(shù)), rea-son, place 時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞 that 和關(guān)系副詞 why, where 也可以省去(詳見定語從句和名詞性從句專題)。
This is the first time(that)I've acted on the stage.
這是我第一次登臺演出。
(二)狀語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象
當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致, 且從句中含 be 動(dòng)詞時(shí), 可以省略狀語從句中的主語和 be 動(dòng)詞, 這時(shí)從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu):
1. 時(shí)間狀語從句中常見的省略現(xiàn)象
Don't speak until spoken to. 有人對你說話時(shí)你再說。
While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.
在北京時(shí), 我參觀了頤和園。
I prefer my milk a little sweetened whenever possible.
只要有可能, 我喜歡牛奶甜點(diǎn)兒。
As a young man, Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster. 亞伯拉罕·林肯年輕時(shí)當(dāng)過零售店店主和郵政局長。
He often makes mistakes when speaking English.
說英語時(shí)他經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)。
She always sings while doing her work.
她干活時(shí)總是唱歌。
2. 條件狀語從句中常見的省略現(xiàn)象
Come tomorrow if possible.
如果可能的話, 就明天來吧。
If so, you must go back and get it.
如果這樣的話, 你必須回去把它拿來。
I'll buy a TV set if necessary.
如有必要, 我就買一臺電視機(jī)。
The girl never gave in unless wrong.
這個(gè)女孩不會(huì)屈服的, 除非她錯(cuò)了。
Unless repaired, the machine is of no use.
如果不被修理, 這臺機(jī)器便毫無用處。
3. 方式狀語從句中常見的省略現(xiàn)象
Some flowers shut up at night as if (they did this in order) to sleep.
有些花夜間收攏, 好像要睡覺一樣。
She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone.
她站在門口好像在等人。
The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though (she was) angry. 這位女教師默默地離開教室, 好像生氣了。
The inspector looked round, as if (he was) in search of something. 這位稽查員四處看了看, 好像在尋找什么。
4. 其他狀語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象
Though cold, he still wore a shirt.
天氣雖然冷, 但他仍然穿一件襯衫。
Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary.
在空白處需要的地方填上冠詞。
另外, 我們還可以用 so 或 not 代替上文內(nèi)容, 此時(shí)可有“if + so/not”省略句式。
Get up early tomorrow. If not(= If you don't get up early), you will miss the first bus.
明天得早起。如果不早起, 你就趕不上首班車。
He may not be at home then. If so (=If he is not at home), leave him a note.
那時(shí)他可能不在家。如果不在家的話, 給他留個(gè)便條。
(三)不定式的省略
1. 單獨(dú)使用不定式符號 to, 代替動(dòng)詞不定式后被省略的動(dòng)詞, 常用在 be afraid, expect, forget, hope, in-tend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish 等后面。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to.
我叫他去看電影, 但是他不想去。
2. 不定式符號to用在 have, need, ought, be going, used 等后面。
I didn't want to go there, but I had to.
我不想去那里, 但不得不去。
3. 不定式符號to用在某些形容詞, 如 glad, happy, pleased, delighted 等后面。
—Will you join in the game?
—I'd be glad to.
——你愿意參加這個(gè)比賽嗎?
——我愿意。
4. 否定形式的省略用not to。
—Shall I go instead of him?
—I prefer you not to.
——我可以代替他去嗎?
——我寧可你不去。
5. 如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。
—Are you a sailor?
—No, but I used to be.
——你是水手嗎?
——不是, 但我過去是。
—He hasn't finished yet.
—Well, he ought to have.
——他還沒完成。
——哦, 他早該完成了。
題組訓(xùn)練 將下列句子中省略的部分補(bǔ)全
He was determined to carry out the plan, whatever the cost.
He was determined to carry out the plan, whatever the cost(was).
When split, an atom can release energy.
When (it is) split, an atom can release energy.
They were scolded whenever late for school.
They were scolded whenever (they were) late for school.
If not well organized, the meeting will be a failure.
If (it is) not well organized, the meeting will be a failure.
