The cost of work stress——and how to reduce it

工作壓力的代價(jià)——我們?cè)撊绾螠p壓

演講者：羅伯庫(kù)克（Rob Cooke）

Stress -- we all know what it is and we all handle it differently. Whether it s our thoughts speeding up or slowing down, eating our emotions or not at all, difficulty sleeping or just getting out of bed. Frankly, it sucks.

壓力——我們都知道它是什么，我們都以不同的方式處理它。不管是我們的思維加速還是減速，不管是不是吃了我們的情緒，睡覺(jué)困難還是只是起床。坦白說(shuō)，這些事情帶來(lái)的壓力都很糟糕。

But there s good stress too, you know, like preparing for the biggest public speaking event you ve ever given.

但也有很好的壓力，你知道的，比如準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)你有生以來(lái)最大的公開演講活動(dòng)。

On a global platform. No, even the good stress can mess with you, but it s the bad stress that I came to talk about. And probably not for the reason you d expect.

在全球平臺(tái)上。不過(guò)，即使是好的壓力也會(huì)困擾你，但我還是更想談?wù)劜缓玫膲毫Α?/p>

而且可能不是出于你期望的原因。

I m a relationship manager for affluent individuals. Meaning, I work with wealthy folks and their families, hip to hip, helping them achieve their financial goals. I like to keep the economy in mind, because I know that whatever impacts the economy, impacts my clients, and it turns out stress is impacting the economy in a massive way. What if I told you that by some estimates, the cost of work-related stress in the US is close to 300 billion dollars annually?

我是個(gè)有錢人的關(guān)系經(jīng)理。意思是，我和有錢人和他們的家人一起工作，同心協(xié)力，幫助他們實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)務(wù)目標(biāo)。我喜歡把經(jīng)濟(jì)放在心上，因?yàn)槲抑罒o(wú)論什么對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生影響，都會(huì)影響到我的客戶，而事實(shí)證明，壓力正以一種巨大的方式影響著經(jīng)濟(jì)。如果我告訴你，據(jù)估計(jì)，美國(guó)每年與工作相關(guān)的壓力成本接近3000億美元，那會(huì)怎么樣？

Workplace stress, the stress causing this massive impact, is related to productivity and wellness. Today, that s what we re here to talk about. And by the way, it s linked to employee disengagement, chronic diseases that impact your work and work-related injuries and illnesses. And when you add up the cost of all five factors, it s an estimated 2.2 trillion dollars annually. That represents 12 percent of our GDP.

工作壓力，造成這種巨大影響的壓力，與生產(chǎn)力和健康有關(guān)。今天，這就是我們要談的。順便說(shuō)一句，它與員工脫離工作、影響工作的慢性病以及與工作有關(guān)的傷害和疾病都有關(guān)。當(dāng)你把五個(gè)因素的成本加起來(lái)，估計(jì)每年有2.2萬(wàn)億美元。這相當(dāng)于我們國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的12%。

Now I know what you re thinking, "That is a lot of money, and how?" Stress is this deeply personal thing, it s crazy to think it can have such a massive impact. But consider this thought experiment to explain how. Imagine a single mother working a stressful job, in a stress-filled environment, where she sits 90 percent of the time.

現(xiàn)在我知道你在想什么了，“那可是一大筆錢，怎么辦？”壓力是一種非常私人的東西，認(rèn)為它能產(chǎn)生如此巨大的影響是瘋狂的。但如果用這個(gè)思維實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)解釋。想象一下，一個(gè)單身母親在充滿壓力的環(huán)境中工作，90%的時(shí)間都坐在那里。

Maybe she doesn t have time to cook, so she chooses meals based off of convenience, which usually means what? Overly processed, high-sugar foods. Over time, this poor diet, mixed with stress from work, leads to a chronic disease. Let s call it diabetes. Medical care cost her and the company more money, which means more stress.

也許她沒(méi)有時(shí)間做飯，所以她選擇的飯菜都是出于方便的前提下的，這通常意味著什么？過(guò)度加工，高糖食物。隨著時(shí)間的推移，這種糟糕的飲食，加上工作壓力，導(dǎo)致了一種慢性病。我們稱之為糖尿病。醫(yī)療費(fèi)用使她和公司損失了更多的錢，這意味著更多的壓力。

Now, she s worried about her health and making ends meet, so she s probably distracted and less productive. But she can t be, remember? She s a single mother. Now she s thinking, "What if something happens to me? Who is going to take care of my child? Who is going to take care of my baby?" More stress. Now take that scenario, tweak it whichever way you d like, and lay it over the nation, and you might start to see how we run up against that multitrillion dollar cost.

現(xiàn)在，她擔(dān)心自己的健康和收支平衡，所以她可能會(huì)分心，工作效率降低。但她不能讓這種情況出現(xiàn)，記得嗎？她是單身母親。現(xiàn)在她在想，“如果我出事了怎么辦？誰(shuí)來(lái)照顧我的孩子？誰(shuí)來(lái)照顧我的孩子？”這就出現(xiàn)了更大的壓力?，F(xiàn)在假設(shè)這樣的情況，你想怎么調(diào)整就怎么調(diào)整，然后把它放在全國(guó)的大環(huán)境中，你可能會(huì)開始看到我們是如何投入數(shù)萬(wàn)億美元的成本去應(yīng)對(duì)它的。

This all hits very close to home for me. My father s one of the hardest-working and most intelligent people that I know. Don t get me wrong, mom worked and provided too, but he definitely embraced the role of being the primary breadwinner. And I m sure most of us can understand the stress and pressure that comes with taking care of our families. But when you combine that with workplace stress, do you know what could happen? Developing irreversible high blood pressure, eventually losing function of your kidneys and spending a decade on dialysis -- his fate. Now I m happy to report that he did get a kidney transplant just last year. However --

這一切變化都與我息息相關(guān)。我父親是我認(rèn)識(shí)的最勤奮、最聰明的人之一。別誤會(huì)我，媽媽也工作，也奉獻(xiàn)，但他肯定接受了作為主要養(yǎng)家糊口者的角色。我相信我們大多數(shù)人都能理解照顧家人帶來(lái)的壓力。但當(dāng)你把這和工作壓力結(jié)合起來(lái)，你知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么嗎？發(fā)展成不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的高血壓，最終失去腎功能，花十年時(shí)間透析——這就是他的命運(yùn)?，F(xiàn)在我可以很幸運(yùn)地說(shuō)，他去年做了腎移植手術(shù)。然而--

However, for nearly a decade, neither the economy nor my family got the benefit from his work ethic or his intelligence, and as he would say, that s just really sad commentary. All I m saying is, I think stress impacts the economy by reducing productivity and increasing health care costs. Makes sense? Right? But here s what doesn t.

然而，近十年來(lái)，無(wú)論是經(jīng)濟(jì)還是我的家庭，都沒(méi)有從他的職業(yè)道德或聰明才智中獲益，正如他所說(shuō)，這只是一個(gè)非常悲哀的評(píng)價(jià)。我要說(shuō)的是，我認(rèn)為，壓力是通過(guò)降低生產(chǎn)力和增加醫(yī)療成本來(lái)影響經(jīng)濟(jì)的。有道理嗎？正確嗎？只對(duì)了一部分。

Current research from the World Health Organization puts global spending on health at 7.8 trillion dollars. Research from the Global Wellness Institute suggests that the 4.5-trillion-dollar global wellness industry grew from 3.7 to 4.2 trillion between 2015 and 2017, and sees that growth into 2022. So what, why do you care?

世界衛(wèi)生組織的最新研究顯示，全球衛(wèi)生支出為7.8萬(wàn)億美元。全球健康研究所的研究表明，2015年至2017年間，全球4.5萬(wàn)億美元的健康產(chǎn)業(yè)從3.7萬(wàn)億美元增長(zhǎng)到4.2萬(wàn)億美元，預(yù)計(jì)到2022年將實(shí)現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)。那又怎樣，你為什么應(yīng)該關(guān)注呢？

Because that growth is nearly twice as fast as the global economy, averaging about 3.3 percent in the same period. So what does all that mean? Every year, we re spending more per year on health, and the industries all about developing overall well-being and living a healthier lifestyle are growing almost twice as fast as the global economy, and yet, we re losing trillions of dollars per year in output. So what s up?

因?yàn)檫@一增長(zhǎng)速度幾乎是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的兩倍，同期平均約為3.3%。那這是什么意思？每年，我們?cè)诮】捣矫娴闹С龆荚谠黾?，所有有關(guān)發(fā)展整體福祉和健康生活方式的行業(yè)的增長(zhǎng)速度幾乎是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的兩倍，然而，我們每年的產(chǎn)出卻在減少數(shù)萬(wàn)億美元。這是怎么了？

Well, stress levels are up, and I believe that needs to change. I also believe the way we think about stress needs to change. So let s try by reframing how we view it. See, we tend to think about stress as a consequence, but I see it as a culture. Where do most of us spend our time? At work, right? Where we face that scale of finding that work-life balance.

好吧，壓力水平上升了，我認(rèn)為這需要改變。我也相信我們看待壓力的方式需要改變。所以讓我們?cè)囍匦露x我們對(duì)它的看法。你看，我們往往認(rèn)為壓力是一種結(jié)果，但我認(rèn)為它是一種文化。我們大多數(shù)人在哪里度過(guò)時(shí)間？在工作中，對(duì)吧？我們面對(duì)的是找到工作和生活平衡的尺度。

So the bonds between work, stress, health and wellness have never been closer. And yet, there s a massive disconnect in how we approach stress and well-being in the workplace. And we could blame many things, right? New tech, laser focus on shareholder returns, or my favorite, keeping up with the Joneses and taking pictures while we try. But at the end of the day, I m afraid that we ve created a culture where personal care and overall well-being are given the back seat. So how do we move forward?

因此，工作、壓力、健康和健康之間的聯(lián)系從未如此緊密。然而，我們?cè)诠ぷ髦腥绾螒?yīng)對(duì)壓力和幸福感卻存在著巨大的脫節(jié)。我們可以責(zé)怪很多事情，對(duì)吧？新科技，聚焦于股東回報(bào)，或者我最喜歡的，在我們努力跟對(duì)手競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的同時(shí)又跟他們言笑晏晏地拍照。但歸根結(jié)底，恐怕我們已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了一種文化，在這種文化中，個(gè)人關(guān)懷和集體福利被放在了次要位置。那么我們以后該怎么做呢？

I believe the answer lies in three fundamental pillars. And if you find yourselves thinking, "Rob, I ve heard this before, tell me something I don t know," ask yourself, if we already know what to do, then what have we been doing?

我認(rèn)為答案在于三個(gè)基本支柱。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在想，“羅伯，我以前應(yīng)該也聽過(guò)這個(gè)，請(qǐng)告訴我一些我不知道的事情，”問(wèn)問(wèn)你自己，如果我們?cè)缇椭涝撛趺醋?，那么我們一直在做的又是什么?/p>

First, corporations. Specifically, how a corporation s culture and communication style play a pivotal role in the stress and well-being of a workplace. The DNA of a company is its culture, right? It sets the tone, even goes as far as defining the company. But I think companies should invest in the overall mental, physical and emotional well-being of their employees the way they invest in innovation, R and D, right? And do I think that this would increase productivity and reduce stress? I really do.

首先，公司。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，企業(yè)文化和溝通方式如何在平衡工作壓力和幸福感中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。公司的DNA就是它的文化，對(duì)吧？它定下了基調(diào)，甚至可以定義公司。但我認(rèn)為，公司應(yīng)該像投資于創(chuàng)新、研發(fā)那樣，投資于員工的整體精神、身體和情感健康，對(duì)吧？你說(shuō)這會(huì)提高工作效率和減少壓力嗎？我覺(jué)得會(huì)。

But for it to really stick, a company has to figure out a way to measure the overall well-being of its employees with the same accuracy and precision that they project growth and earnings. And if this sounds like a tall order, ask yourself what really is a company s most competitive advantage. Its people. We know this. And just like anything in a company, it has to start at the top. So if you re a leader, openly showing how you care for your mental health and overall well-being is a huge catalyst.

但要想真正堅(jiān)持下去，一家公司必須找到一種方法，用與預(yù)測(cè)增長(zhǎng)和收益同樣準(zhǔn)確和精確的方式來(lái)衡量員工的整體幸福感。如果這聽起來(lái)是一個(gè)很高的要求，問(wèn)問(wèn)你自己，什么才是公司最大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。它的員工。我們都知道這一點(diǎn)。就像公司里的任何事情一樣，它必須從高層開始。所以，如果你是一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，公開展示你如何關(guān)心自己的心理健康和整體幸福感就是一個(gè)巨大的催化劑。

It s no secret I m a soccer fan, so growing up, I had a couple of coaches. And I always had one who would lead the heavy cardio workouts. He would not stand on the side and spectate. He would participate. And that did three things. It made it difficult for me to complain.

我是個(gè)球迷已經(jīng)不是什么秘密了，所以長(zhǎng)大后，我請(qǐng)了幾個(gè)教練。我總是有一個(gè)能帶領(lǐng)我進(jìn)行大量有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)的人。他不會(huì)站在一邊觀望。他會(huì)參與進(jìn)來(lái)。期間我們做了三件事。這使我很難給他差評(píng)。

I always made sure to keep up, and I always felt more dialed in to the exercise. It s the same idea.

我總得確保自己跟上教練的節(jié)奏，并且我總是覺(jué)得自己需要更多練習(xí)。這是我們相同的想法。

And finally, communication. In order for me to really help my clients achieve their financial goals, requires that I actively listen and then respond. Let your employees tell you what stresses them out. Let them tell you what wellness benefits they need. And then act. And acting on what they tell you will show how serious you take that feedback, and I can t help but feel the company will win in the long run. Why? Because properly equipped employees will be more productive and less stressed.

最后是溝通。為了讓我真正幫助我的客戶實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的財(cái)務(wù)目標(biāo)，我需要積極傾聽，然后作出回應(yīng)。讓你的員工告訴你他們的壓力。讓他們告訴你他們需要什么樣的健康福利。然后行動(dòng)起來(lái)。按照他們說(shuō)的去做，這樣會(huì)顯示出你對(duì)反饋有多認(rèn)真，我不禁覺(jué)得公司最終會(huì)獲得更大的盈利。為什么？因?yàn)檠b備得當(dāng)?shù)膯T工會(huì)更有效率，壓力也會(huì)小一些。

Next, I d like to ask help from everyone s favorite uncle. That s right, the government has to play a role in this. The World Economic Forum and the Harvard School of Public Health estimate that from 2011 to 2030, major chronic diseases and mental illnesses will cost the global economy 47 trillion dollars. And it s 2020.

接下來(lái)，我想請(qǐng)大家最喜歡的叔叔幫忙。沒(méi)錯(cuò)，ZF必須在這方面發(fā)揮作用。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇和哈佛公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院估計(jì)，從2011年到2030年，主要慢性病和精神疾病將使全球經(jīng)濟(jì)損失47萬(wàn)億美元?，F(xiàn)在是2020年。

Now I m not saying stress causes all major chronic diseases, or all mental illnesses, but even if a portion of it is, imagine how much lower that number could be if the government did what it does best -- serve as the enforcer.

現(xiàn)在我并不是說(shuō)壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致所有重大的慢性病，或者所有的精神疾病，但是即使其中的一部分，想象一下，如果ZF做了它最擅長(zhǎng)的事情——作為執(zhí)行者去落實(shí)，這個(gè)數(shù)字會(huì)低多少。

But in this case, for higher workplace standards. I don t know, maybe even corporate tax-incentive programs to help raise those standards, but the best wellness corporate policies and initiatives backed by a forward-thinking government won t matter much without help from the most crucial pillar. You.

但在這種情況下，我們需要更高的工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。我不知道，也許僅僅只是公司稅收激勵(lì)計(jì)劃都可以幫助提高這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但是如果沒(méi)有最關(guān)鍵的支柱的幫助，比如可以良性循環(huán)的公司政策和有遠(yuǎn)見的政府支持的舉措，那根本得不到徹底解決。而你。

That s right, stress and managing it is so dynamic, you have to play your part. And it s going to benefit you and the economy. Look folks, I m not a psychologist, OK? But I have taken steps to develop my own mental health and overall well-being, so here s my last two cents.

是的，壓力和管理是如此的不穩(wěn)定，你必須發(fā)揮你的作用。這對(duì)你和經(jīng)濟(jì)都有好處。聽著，伙計(jì)們，我不是心理學(xué)家，好嗎？但我已經(jīng)采取措施來(lái)提高自己的心理健康和整體幸福感，所以這是我最后的底錢。

I think a crucial first step is for everyone is to be honest with themselves. About what? About putting your mental, physical and emotional well-being in the rear view and the damage it has caused. Honest about placing public opinion above self-preservation.

我認(rèn)為對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，關(guān)鍵的第一步是對(duì)自己誠(chéng)實(shí)。關(guān)于什么？把你的精神，身體和情感幸福以及它所造成的傷害都放在后面。誠(chéng)實(shí)地把輿論置于自我保護(hù)之上。

Think social media. Honest about how we define ourselves and what actually does. Sure, your career contributes to a portion of who you are. But are we allowing it to define us just a little too much? And ask, "Is this bringing me the value I saw with what it costs me?" And I don t just mean the dollars.

想想社交媒體。對(duì)我們?nèi)绾味x自己和實(shí)際做什么誠(chéng)實(shí)。當(dāng)然，你的事業(yè)對(duì)你的部分身心健康確實(shí)是有貢獻(xiàn)。但我們是不是讓它給我們下了太多的定義？然后你就可以問(wèn)自己，“這是不是給我?guī)?lái)了我所看到的價(jià)值和我付出的代價(jià)？”我不是指美元。

For me, being honest meant to get a good, hard look at my relationship with my thoughts, courage and failure. Started years ago in this tournament championship game, coach comes to me and says, "Rob Cooke, you step up, we can t lose today." So I stepped up. Failed. We lost. Thanks for laughing.

對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，誠(chéng)實(shí)意味著好好審視我與思想、勇氣和失敗的關(guān)系。從幾年前的錦標(biāo)賽開始，教練來(lái)找我說(shuō)：“羅伯·庫(kù)克，你要站起來(lái)，我們今天不能輸。”于是我站起來(lái)。但是，依舊失敗了。我們輸了。謝謝你的笑聲。

Feels good. No, but ... You know, after that, it stayed with me for a while, to the point where any opportunity to step up, grow, develop, I d quietly bow my head, step back. And then I discovered mindfulness. And I continued to develop it in my daily life to this day. To live in the present, the now.

感覺(jué)很好。不，但是......你知道，在那之后，它在我身上停留了一段時(shí)間，到了任何一個(gè)可以站起來(lái)、成長(zhǎng)、發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)，我都會(huì)靜靜地低頭，退后一步。然后我發(fā)現(xiàn)了正念。直到今天我依舊在培養(yǎng)挖掘自己的正念?；钤诋?dāng)下，活在當(dāng)下。

Now I get it, mindfulness may not be for everyone, but when I think of some of the most successful and impactful people, I see a common trend. Mastery of their mental game. Which includes stress management.

現(xiàn)在我明白了，正念可能不適合所有人，但當(dāng)我想到一些最成功、最有影響力的人時(shí)，我看到了一個(gè)共同的趨勢(shì)。你得掌握他們的心理游戲。包括壓力管理。

It s all about developing awareness, acknowledgment and acceptance of your current thoughts, emotions, environment and physical state. Right? Now I didn t say never facing stress. But the management of that stress -- that s the benefit, again, for you and the economy. I ll leave you with this thought.

這一切都是關(guān)于發(fā)展意識(shí)，承認(rèn)和接受你當(dāng)前的思想，情緒，環(huán)境和身體狀態(tài)。你說(shuō)對(duì)嗎？現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有說(shuō)這么做就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)面臨壓力。但是，這種壓力的管理對(duì)你和經(jīng)濟(jì)都是有益的。我想要把這個(gè)概念傳達(dá)給你們。

We all know that retirement is all about saving more now for later. What if we treated our mental health and overall well-being in the same capacity? Develop and save more of you now for later in life. Doing nothing means more cost, and worse, less time. And of the two, which can t you get back? So let s start moving this culture of stress forward, and start living happier, healthier and hopefully, more productive lives. Thank you.

我們都知道，退休就是現(xiàn)在為以后多存點(diǎn)錢。如果我們以同樣的能力對(duì)待我們的心理健康和整體幸福呢？現(xiàn)在就培養(yǎng)和保存更多的人，以備日后之用。無(wú)所事事意味著要投入更多的成本，更糟的是，你的時(shí)間可能也所剩無(wú)幾了。這兩樣哪樣是你無(wú)法再找回來(lái)的？所以讓我們開始推行這種壓力文化，開始過(guò)上更快樂(lè)、更健康、更有希望、更有成效的生活。謝謝大家。