Part 1-Focused versus diffuse thinking

Video 1-關(guān)于diffuse 和focus 兩種learning mode

例證- Artist (Salvador Dalí) 和 inventor （Thomas Edison）利用diffuse mode和focus mode 來幫助思考的例子；

類比論證（analogy）-訓(xùn)練大腦的neural structure和訓(xùn)練肌肉類似，需要一點點，反復(fù)積累。

結(jié)論：大腦學(xué)習(xí)新知識的時候，需要時間一點點的消化，還需要利用兩種learning mode 來回切換。

Video 2-大腦結(jié)構(gòu)與學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)系

1-人類并沒有辦法consciously感知我們復(fù)雜大腦的運作

2-借助現(xiàn)在的imaging 手段，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在人體靜止和活動的時候，大腦的活躍區(qū)域是不一樣的。

3-學(xué)習(xí)與睡眠，會改變大腦中神經(jīng)元的鏈接。

推薦的獲取更多關(guān)于大腦知識的網(wǎng)站：?https://www.brainfacts.org/

摘抄

With new optical techniques for imaging single connections between neurons called synapses, we can see constant turnover, with new synapses being formed and others disappearing. This raises a puzzle.?

In the face of so much turnover, how do memories stay stable over so many years??

This is a picture of one dendritic branch on a neuron which receives inputs from other neurons. The synapses are on the spiny knobs coming off the dendrite. On the top, the dendrite was imaged before learning. The same dendrite is shown below after learning and after sleep. Multiple synapses that are newly formed together on the same branch are indicated by the white arrowheads. You are looking down into the brain of a live animal. This is really a fantastic new technique.

有了新的光學(xué)成像技術(shù) 單個神經(jīng)元之間的連接 即突觸 可以被觀測到。新突觸的不斷形成使得其它突觸消失 。由此便產(chǎn)生了一個疑問?

在這么多代替之下，在這么多年內(nèi)多少記憶是保持穩(wěn)定的？?

這是一張神經(jīng)元上的樹突分支的照片，它接收來自其他神經(jīng)元的輸入，突觸是在從樹突上延伸出的刺狀點，在上面是學(xué)習(xí)前的樹突成像，下面是學(xué)習(xí)后和睡眠后同樣樹突的成像。白色箭頭標明的是同一樹突分支上，一起形成的多個新突觸 ，你看的是一個活體動物大腦的內(nèi)部，這真是一項非常強大的新技術(shù)。

Part 2-Procrastination, memory and sleep

Video 1- 拖延癥和pomodoro

關(guān)于拖延癥的原因是：人們將事情與不預(yù)感做了鏈接。

pomodoro技巧：設(shè)計25分鐘的timer來專注工作，之后給自己一些獎勵或獎賞。

Video 2- Practise

Practise makes permernent. 練習(xí)可以使新建立起來的微弱的神經(jīng)元連接變得更加堅固和牢靠。

Video 3- memory

short-term memory (working memory) 和 long term memory

從短時記憶到長時記憶是需要時間和反復(fù)的練習(xí)。作者分享了spaced repeatition。 將練習(xí)分散在幾天里比一天里反復(fù)練習(xí)的效果更好。

Video 4- sleep

睡眠的作用

1-wash away matabolic toxins

2-delete unimportant memory and strengthen more important ones

3- help learn complex knowledge and difficult task

Video 5- interview with Dr?Terrence Sejnowski

1-關(guān)于如何利用科學(xué)研究來高效的學(xué)習(xí)？

一個是environment，一個是運動。environment包括參與不同活動，遇到不同的人。

2-關(guān)于如何面對枯燥的課程？

通過思考和提問的方式，讓被動學(xué)習(xí)變成主動學(xué)習(xí)，increase engament

3-關(guān)于如何有效學(xué)習(xí)新知識？他認為learning by doing 比learning by reading 更有效。

4-關(guān)于Multitask？it is not possible to efficiently do several tasks conciously. 人們需要的技能是switch back and forth between tasks. 因為我們一天有很多事情要處理，如果在各種瑣事的事情中，穿梭自如是一門技能。

5- 對高中生和大學(xué)生的忠告？smart并不能保證成功，但是passion和persisitence 可以！

摘抄

what do you do to help yourself learn more easily, when you're looking at something completely new？

How do you keep yourself paying attention during something like a boring lecture??

what do you do to get into and take advantage of diffuse mode thinking?

do you multitask, or, or if you don't, how do you resist the urge to multitask when you want to multitask??

How do you apply your knowledge of neuroscience, to your own learning??

If you had any advice for a young high school or college student, about how to learn effectively, what would you say??

Summary

總結(jié)了focus and diffused mode of thinking，long term memeory和 short term memory,?

the importance and trick （pomodoro）to tackle procrastination

importance of practise，sleep and exercise in learning process