字詞與表達(dá)
the nuts and bolts (of something)
I have delved into the buts and bolts if what they do and how they do it.
the buts and bolts of something: the basic practical details of a subject or an activity 基本要點(diǎn) (螺母與螺栓)
delve (v.)
delve into: to try hard to find out more information about something 探索、探究、考察
say
... there were almost certainly no selection pressures favoring people who could identify, say, the precise notes that a bird was singing.
say在這里的意思是for example。舉例除了用for example, for instance, such as等，還可以用say。注意用法：前后各有一個(gè)逗號(hào)，類似于插入語(yǔ)的地位。
buy into
..., but they seldom buy into the idea that they have reached the peak of their fields because they were the lucky winners of some genetic lottery.
buy除了常見(jiàn)“買”的意思之外，我最熟悉的是"I don't buy it."中buy的用法，表示“相信”；還有"buy time"，拖延時(shí)間。文中buy into是個(gè)短語(yǔ)，表示to believe something, especially that many other people believe in。隨大流，盲從。
仿句練習(xí)：Please do not buy into the new leader and follow him immediately because we know nothing about him.
jump-start
Mozart is about to embark on a tour around Europe that will jump-start the Mozart legend.
初次閱讀時(shí)，我把jump-start和head start弄混了。head start是不可數(shù)名詞，表示起步前的優(yōu)勢(shì)。an advantage that sb. already has before they start doing something. 而jump-start是動(dòng)詞，表示全力以赴做某事：to put a lot of energy into starting on a process or an activity or into making it more quickly。和本句話中的embark on意思相近。PS：jump-start原本是指用搭線的方式發(fā)動(dòng)汽車。
閱讀感想
我是先拋棄文本聽(tīng)了一遍audiobook。聲音質(zhì)量很好，語(yǔ)速不快，一邊做手邊事一邊聽(tīng)錄音，先抓住了introduction部分的大意。然后翻開(kāi)電子書開(kāi)始閱讀。個(gè)人認(rèn)為這一章文字語(yǔ)言難度較小，以介紹背景信息和講故事為主，目的在于使讀者對(duì)于整本書的主題有基礎(chǔ)認(rèn)知，緩緩進(jìn)入“context”。
說(shuō)到講故事，作者（們）舉了三個(gè)例子，人物背景、發(fā)生時(shí)間和軌跡都有很大區(qū)別。
第一個(gè)是名人莫扎特，幾百年來(lái)他一直被世人認(rèn)為是“天才”，個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)軌跡是從成功到極其成功最后到達(dá)令人嘆為觀止的高度。第二個(gè)是一些2歲到6歲智商能力等均正常的孩子，他們經(jīng)過(guò)密集的培訓(xùn)和練習(xí)，在當(dāng)代社會(huì)也掌握了在幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前、被認(rèn)為只有莫扎特這樣的天才才能掌握的殘暴技能。第三個(gè)是籃球隊(duì)員Allen，此時(shí)故事已經(jīng)跨出音樂(lè)領(lǐng)域走進(jìn)競(jìng)技體育。與前兩個(gè)例子不同的是，Allen had had his voiced heard in the story。很多人說(shuō)他是天才，是老天賞飯吃。Allen說(shuō)自己pissed off，因?yàn)檫@抹去了他每日艱苦訓(xùn)練的進(jìn)步與成就。其中對(duì)于Allen年輕時(shí)并不擅長(zhǎng)打球這段舊事的描述，對(duì)比尤其強(qiáng)烈，突出了本書主題“刻意練習(xí)”的重要作用。
大概也許可能是看得多想得多一些，對(duì)生活的觀察力也會(huì)變得敏銳一點(diǎn)。就在看完這一章的時(shí)候，瞄到了一個(gè)關(guān)于竇唯的帖子，這段話就算是我內(nèi)心補(bǔ)充的第四個(gè)故事吧。
我總覺(jué)得自己做什么事情似乎都沒(méi)有天賦，國(guó)外做飯一年了，仍然不好吃。寫論文，天天寫進(jìn)展也并不順利。健身，更別提了——天生的體脂率高——我就是那種“瘦瘦的胖子”或者“胖胖的瘦子”?？吹奖緯那把詴r(shí)暗自慶幸，好在這個(gè)世界不全是gene說(shuō)了算，讓我這樣的還能看到一絲希望。找到合適的方法和正確的方向，堅(jiān)持不斷地努力，第二天的自己總會(huì)比第一天好。這樣，我就贏了。
最后，我想要跟讀這本書的原因有二。一，non-fiction我最近讀了三四本，略有心得，想要在讀這本書的過(guò)程中檢驗(yàn)真?zhèn)尾⑻峒冃拚?。二，八月我?huì)比較忙，但我想看看自己到底能同時(shí)做多少事情，能不能高效學(xué)習(xí)，是否掌控得了自己的生活。希望自己扛得住，能夠穩(wěn)定輸出。
大意歸納
Most of us ascribe extraordinary performers' success to their innate gift, calling them "the lucky few" and claiming "they are born with ...". However, scientific research in the past several decades has proved the real gift is to practice deliberately in order to really acquire some skill. It is a sort of "either use it or lose it" gift. Mozart was not a born musician; his father trained him from a very early age and gave his right and sufficient exposure. Ordinary children can also become able to identify the precise pitch through intense training and practice. Allen the basketball player was unnoticeable back in his middle school age, however, he has outperformed everyone in his team in the end—by shooting most everyday.
Genetic endowment does play a role in cultivating expertise, yet the ability to develop the expertise is the real gift. Human brains are highly adaptable and new connections can be built within the brain during deliberate practice. There is no preset limits or fixed potential. And potential, is to be created and developed not be reached. With regard to this, every one of us is born with the gift to become (amazingly) good at something.
