What we think we know about metabolism may be wrong
我們自認(rèn)為了解的新陳代謝知識(shí)，或許并非正解
Everyone knows conventional wisdom about metabolism: People put pounds on year after year from their 20s onward because their metabolisms slow down, especially around middle age. Women have slower metabolisms than men. That's why they have a harder time controlling their weight. Menopause only makes things worse, slowing women's metabolisms even more.
每個(gè)人都聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那些關(guān)于新陳代謝的傳統(tǒng)觀念：人的體重從 20 歲開(kāi)始會(huì)年復(fù)一年地往上增長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)樯眢w新陳代謝的速度開(kāi)始放緩，且這種情況在中年時(shí)期尤為凸顯。另外，女性的新陳代謝要比男性慢，這也是為什么她們控制體重的難度更大。更年期的到來(lái)則是讓這樣的情況“雪上加霜”，它會(huì)使得女性的新陳代謝更為緩慢。
All wrong, according to a paper published Thursday in "Science". Using data from nearly 6,500 people, ranging in age from 8 days to 95 years, researchers discovered that there are four distinct periods of life, as far as metabolism goes.
周四發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》期刊上的一篇論文指出，以上說(shuō)法都是錯(cuò)的。研究人員采集了將近 6500 人的數(shù)據(jù)，其年齡在 8 天至 95 歲不等。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，就新陳代謝情況來(lái)說(shuō)，人的生命可以劃分為四個(gè)不同階段。
Once the researchers controlled for body size and the amount of muscle people have, they also found no differences between men and women.
研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)他們對(duì)體型和肌肉量進(jìn)行了控制變量處理時(shí)，其實(shí)男女之間的新陳代謝并無(wú)二致。
The four periods of metabolic life depicted in the new paper show "there isn't a constant rate of energy expenditure per pound," Leanne Redman, an energy balance physiologist, noted. The rate depends on age. That runs counter to the long-standing assumptions she and others in nutrition science held.
莉安·瑞德曼（音）是研究能量平衡方向的生理學(xué)家，她特別指出，那篇新論文中所論述的有關(guān)生命新陳代謝的四個(gè)階段，說(shuō)明“其實(shí)平均每磅體重所對(duì)應(yīng)的能量消耗速率并不是恒定的”。這個(gè)速率取決于年齡。而這一點(diǎn)，與瑞德曼和其他一眾營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)所提出的假設(shè)是背道而馳的。
The findings from the research are likely to reshape the science of human physiology and could also have implications for some medical practices, like determining appropriate drug doses for children and older people.
這次的研究結(jié)果可能會(huì)重塑人體生理學(xué)，或許也會(huì)對(duì)不少醫(yī)療實(shí)踐產(chǎn)生影響，比如分別為兒童和老年人確定合適的藥物劑量。
Rozalyn Anderson, a professor of medicine at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, who studies aging, wrote a perspective accompanying the paper. In an interview, she said she was "blown away" by its findings. "We will have to revise some of our ideas," she added.
威斯康星大學(xué)麥迪遜分校研究老齡化問(wèn)題的醫(yī)學(xué)教授羅澤林·安德森（音）撰寫(xiě)了一篇與論文配套的觀點(diǎn)文章。她在一次采訪中表示，自己被這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果“震驚到了”。她還補(bǔ)充道，“我們之后不得不修正一些觀點(diǎn)了”。
"There is a myth of retaining youth," Anderson said. "That's not what the biology says. In and around age 60, things start to change."
安德森說(shuō)：“是有這么個(gè)關(guān)于青春永駐的神話，但生物學(xué)里邊可沒(méi)有這樣的說(shuō)法。人一旦來(lái)到 60 歲左右，情況就開(kāi)始有所變化了?！?/p>
主編：Bao、木子、Jenny
品控：木子
審核：夏天
重點(diǎn)詞匯
metabolism
/m??t?b.?l.?.z?m/
n. 新陳代謝
英文釋義：the chemical processes in living things that change food, etc. into energy and materials for growth
onward
/?ɑ?n.w?d/
adv. 向前
相關(guān)詞匯：on（prep. 在……上面）
詞根詞綴：-ward（表示“朝著某個(gè)方向”）
相關(guān)詞匯：toward（prep. 朝向...）
相關(guān)詞匯：to（prep. 朝，向）
相關(guān)詞匯：downward（adj. 朝下的）
相關(guān)詞匯：backward（adj. 朝后的）
相關(guān)詞匯：forward（adj. 向前的）
同義詞：onwards
搭配短語(yǔ)：onwards and upwards（步步高升）
menopause
/?men.?.pɑ?z/
n. 更年期
相關(guān)詞匯：pause（n. 暫停）
詞根詞綴：meno-（與“月份”或“經(jīng)期”相關(guān)）
相關(guān)詞匯：menses（n. 月經(jīng)）
相關(guān)詞匯：menstruation（n. 經(jīng)期）
as far as it goes
在一定程度上
英文釋義：used for saying that sth. is good or true only to a limited degree
近義詞：with regard to
例句：As far as the weather goes, we've been having nothing but rain for the past week.
control for
考慮（可能影響實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的外部因素）
相關(guān)詞匯：control（v. 控制）
搭配短語(yǔ)：to control for variations
metabolic
/met?.??bɑ?.l?k/
adj. 新陳代謝的
相關(guān)詞匯：metabolism（n. 新陳代謝）
搭配短語(yǔ)：metabolic rate
搭配短語(yǔ)：metabolic activities
depict
/d??p?kt/
v. 描述；描寫(xiě)；描繪
英文釋義：to describe something or someone in writing or speech（v. 描述；描寫(xiě)）
詞義拓展：to show an image in a picture（v. 描繪）
constant
/?kɑ?n.st?nt/
adj. 恒定的，不變的；不斷的，連續(xù)發(fā)生的
搭配短語(yǔ)：to live in constant fear of being attacked
英文釋義：staying the same
搭配短語(yǔ)：contant speed
expenditure
/?k?spen.d?.t??/
n. 耗費(fèi)；開(kāi)支
相關(guān)詞匯：expend（v. 花費(fèi)，消耗）
搭配短語(yǔ)：public expenditure
搭配短語(yǔ)：the expenditure of emotion
physiologist
/?f?z.i?ɑ?.l?.d??st/
n. 生理學(xué)家
相關(guān)詞匯：physical（adj. 身體的，軀體的）
詞根詞綴：-ologist（表示“......學(xué)家”）
run counter to
與……背道而馳
相關(guān)詞匯：counter（n. 對(duì)立面，相反）
搭配短語(yǔ)：counter to
同義詞：the opposite of
同義詞：be / go counter to
implication
/??m.pl??ke?.??n/
n. 可能的影響（或作用、結(jié)果）；暗示
practice
/?pr?k.t?s/
n.（專(zhuān)業(yè)性強(qiáng)的）工作，業(yè)務(wù)（活動(dòng)）
dose
/do?s/
n.（藥的）一劑
相關(guān)詞匯：drug（n. 藥物）
英文釋義：the amount of a medicine or a drug that you should take
blow away
使……大為驚訝
相關(guān)詞匯：blow（v.（風(fēng)）吹，刮）
英文釋義：be extremely impressed
例句：That performance blew me away.
revise
/r??va?z/
v. 修訂，修正（意見(jiàn)或計(jì)劃）；改變，修改（文稿）
搭配短語(yǔ)：to revise the articles
搭配短語(yǔ)：to revise the school curriculum
搭配短語(yǔ)：to revise one's opnion
搭配短語(yǔ)：to revise the policy
retain
/r??te?n/
v. 保持，保有
英文釋義：to continue to have sth.
近義詞：preserve
搭配短語(yǔ)：to retain much of its original charm
搭配短語(yǔ)：to retain one's title
