Lesson 37 The Westhaven Express 開往威斯特海溫的快車
【New words and expressions】生詞和短語
●express?? n.快車；adj. 高速的
●punctual adj.準時的;
●condition???? v.使習(xí)慣于
●unshakable? adj.不可動搖的
●faith? n.信任
●cancel???? v.取消
●exceptionally ??? adv. 例外地
●dislocate v.打亂（計劃等）
●blame???? v.責怪
●consult?? v.請教，查閱
●direct adv.徑直地
●odd??? adj.奇怪的，異常的
●reflect???? v.細想
●advantage??? n.優(yōu)勢
●mighty?? adj.強大的，有力的
●dawdle?? v.慢吞吞的動或做
●chug? v.咔嚓咔嚓地響
●lodge v.提出
●comlaint n.抱怨
●triumph? n.勝利
●asterisk?? n.星號（*）
●conduct? v.引向，引導(dǎo)
■express n. 快車；adj. 高速的
express way: 高速公路
express train快車
special express 特快
through express 直快
stopping/ local
train 慢車
■punctual adj. 準時的;
be punctual in
doing sth. 在做……方面非常準時
be punctual to the
minute 非常準時
L36-05_37-01? end?9’15”
L37-02? begin?8’35”
Eg: He is a manwho’s punctual to the minute.
punctually adv.
unpunctual ant.
punctuality n.
■condition v. 使習(xí)慣于
==form a habit in
Eg: This societyhas conditioned each of us.
be conditioned to 習(xí)慣了……
Eg: Each of us hasbeen conditioned to the society.
The plants hasbeen conditioned to the cold weather here.
The cold weatherhas conditioned the plants here.
condition 條件
on conditionthat?? 在……條件下如果
on no condition 在任何情況下，用在句首句子要倒裝
On no conditionmust you be late.
in good/ bad
condition 情況良好/情況糟糕
change one's
condition 結(jié)婚
in the interesting
condition : 懷孕? pregnant
■unshakable adj. 不可動搖的
■faith n. 信任
keep faith with
sb. 對……守信用
put one's faith in
sth 對……有信心
on the faithof? 在……的保障下，憑……的信用
faith????????? 深信不疑，信仰，比belief程度重一點
belief: 可信賴，可接受
conviction? 堅定的信念
trust???????? 相信，依賴
credit?????? 對……完全相信
■cancel v. 取消
call off == cancel可以互相替換
abolish????? 廢除
rescind????? 撤銷，廢止
write off????? 注銷，勾銷
cross out??? 劃掉
■exceptionally adv. 例外地
■dislocate v. 打亂（計劃等）
■blame v. 責怪
■consult v. 請教，查閱
■direct adv. 徑直地
■odd adj. 奇怪的，異常的
■reflect v. 細想
reflect on sth 細想……
reflect upon
oneself 自我反省
■advantage n. 優(yōu)勢
take advantage ofsb/sth? 欺騙……并利用
of great/no
advantage to sb/sth 對……有（沒有）好處
to advantage 更有效地
have advantage
over sb 勝過某人，比某人有優(yōu)勢
L37-02? end?8’35”
L37-03? begin?9’42”
interest 個人的利益，好處
benefit? 通過正當手段謀求的好處
profit??? 金錢上的獲益
good??? 個人或集體的利益
■mighty adj. 強大的，有力的
■dawdle v. 慢吞吞的動或做
■chug v. 咔嚓咔嚓地響
■lodge v. 提出
make/ lodge
complaint 提出抱怨
■comlaint n. 抱怨
■triumph n. 勝利
■asterisk n. 星號（*）
■conduct v. 引向，引導(dǎo)
【Text】
§Lesson 37??The Westhaven Express開往威斯特海溫的快車
Listen to the tapethen answer the question below.
?What was the mistake the author made?
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[endif]We have learnt toexpect that trains will be punctual. After years of conditioning, most of ushave developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables. Ships may be delayedby storms; air flights may be cancelled because of bad weather; but trains mustbe on time. Only an exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily dislocaterailway services. It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities whensomething does go wrong. The truth is that when mistakes occur, they are morelikely to be ours than theirs.
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[endif]After consulting myrailway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train toWesthaven. It went direct from my local station and the journey lasted a merehour and seventeen minutes. When I boarded the train, I could not help noticingthat a great many local people got on as well. At the time, this did not strikeme as odd. I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myselfwho wished to take advantage of this excellent service. Neither was I surprisedwhen the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line.Even a mighty express train can be held up by signals. But when the traindawdled at station after station, I began to wonder. It suddenly dawned on methat this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, butbarely chugging along at thirty. One hour and seventeen minutes passed and wehad not even covered half the distance. I asked a passenger if this was theWesthaven Express, but he had not even heard of it. I determined to lodge acomplaint as soon as we arrived. Two hours later, I was talking angrily to thestation master at Westhaven. When he denied the train's existence, I borrowedhis copy of the timetable. There was a note of triumph in my voice when I toldhim that it was there in black and white. Glancing at it briefly, he told me tolook again. A tiny asterisk conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of thepage. It said: 'This service has been suspended.'
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參考譯文
我們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于相信火車總是準點的。經(jīng)過多年的適應(yīng)，大多數(shù)人對火車時刻表產(chǎn)生了一種不可動搖的信念。輪船船期可能因風(fēng)暴而推延，飛機航班可能因惡劣天氣而取消，唯有火車必然是準點的。只有非同尋常的大雪才可能暫時打亂鐵路運行。因此，一旦鐵路上真出了問題，人們便不加思索地責備鐵路當局。事實上，差錯很可能是我們自己，而不是鐵路當局的。
我查看了列車時刻表，滿意地了解到有一趟去威斯特海溫的快車。這是趟直達車，旅途總共才需1小時17分鐘。上車后，我不禁注意到許多當?shù)厝艘采狭塑?。一開始，我并不感到奇怪，我想除我之外，想利用快車之便的也一定大有人在?；疖囬_出幾英里即在一個小站威德里停了下來。對此，我不覺得奇怪，因為即便是特別快車也可能被信號攔住。但是，當火車一站接著一站往前蠕動時，我便產(chǎn)生了懷疑。我突然感到這趟快車并沒以時速90英里的速度呼嘯前進，而是卟哧卟哧地向前爬行，時速僅30英里。1小時17分過去了，走了還不到一半路程。我問一位乘客，這是不是開往威斯特海溫的那趟快車，他說從未聽說過有這么一趟快車。我決定到目的地就給鐵路部門提意見。兩小時后，我氣呼呼地同威斯特海溫站站長說起此事。他說根本沒有這趟車。于是我借他本人的列車時刻表，我?guī)е环N勝利者的調(diào)子告訴他那趟車白紙黑字。明明白白印在時刻表上。他迅速地掃視了一眼，讓我再看一遍。一個小小的星形符號把我的目光引到了那頁底部一個說明上。上面寫著：“此趟列車暫停運行?！?/p>
【課文講解】
背誦：We have learnt to expect that trains willbe punctual.
We' ve learnt to
expect that ……?? 我們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于期盼……
背誦：After years of conditioning, most of us havedeveloped an unshakable faith in railway timetables.
develop anunshakable faith in sth? 對……產(chǎn)生了……樣的信念
背誦：Only an exceptionally heavy snow fall mighttemporarily dislocate railway services.
It is all too easyto blame......
too...to句型中，在too前出現(xiàn)了all, only, but, not等詞的時候，to就有肯定意義
Eg:He was but tooeager to get home.
?? One is never too old to learn.活到老，學(xué)到老
be likely to do 有可能...
Eg: You are likelyto get success if you work hard.
It is likelythat...
It is likely thathe arrived here in time.
probable 不能與不定式搭配 比possible 可能性大
Eg: It is probable/ possible that...
Eg: It is probable/ possible that he will speak to you.
It is possible forus to finish the work in an hour.
L37-03? end?9’42”
L37-04? begin?9’01”
go direct from ...to ...
strike sb as 給某人以……印象，使某人感到;as后面可以接分詞、名詞、形容詞搭配連用。
Eg: The activityatroke me as wasting time.
背熟：I reflected that there must be a great manypeople besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service.
hold up==holdback, hinder, prevent
dawn on sb? 漸漸被某人明白
barely==only
in black and white白紙黑字
Key structure
We' ve learnt to
expect that ……?? 我們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于期盼……
We' ve learnt to
expect that ……?? 我們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于期盼……
It is all too easyto blame......
too...to句型中，在too前出現(xiàn)了all, only, but, not等詞的時候，to就有肯定意義
be likely to do 有可能...
It is likelythat...
The firstparagraph is important
go direct from ...to ...
strike sb as 給某人以……印象，使某人感到;as后面可以接分詞、名詞、形容詞搭配連用。
hold up==holdback, hinder, prevent
dawn on sb? 漸漸被某人明白
in black and white白紙黑字
L37-04? end?9’01”
L37-05? begin?11’40”
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1? When the writer consulted his railwaytimetable _____ .
a. he wanted tofind out how long the express train to Westhaven took
b. he wanted toknow the quickest way of getting to Westhaven by rail
c. he did notnotice how many stations there were on the way to Westhaven
d. he misread theinformation concerning the time the journey took
by rail ==by train
2? At what point did the writer realize that thetrain was not travelling at the speed of an express train?
a. When the trainhad reached the station after Widley.
b. When the trainhad been held up by signals.
c. After the trainhad stopped at several small stations.
d. After the trainhad covered a distance of thirty miles.
at the speedof? 以……的速度
express train 特快列車
3? When the writer went to the station master,he complained about _____ .
a. the trainscheduled as an express train having in fact been a slow one
b. the lack ofcolour in the timetable
c. the lack of anyexpress trains from his local station to Westhaven
d. the fact thatthe Westhaven express had been suspended from service
complain about/of 抱怨
Structure
4? We have learnt to expect _____ punctual.(l.1)
a. trainsbeing??? b. trains to be??? c. of trains being??? d. trains are going to be
5? _____ exceptionally heavily might railwayservices be temporarily dislocated. (ll.5-6)
a. If only itsmowed??? b. Only in case it snows??? c. Only were it to snow??? d. Only when snow
only所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句用在句首，句子必須倒裝，if條件句，如果if省略,were要前置
6? The express train went direct from my localstation to Westhaven _____ a mere hour and seventeen minutes. (l.10)
a. in??? b. lasting??? c. a journey which lasted??? d. a journey of
7? One hour and seventeen minutes passed _____still to cover half the distance. (ll.16-17)
a. before wehad??? b. before having??? c. when we had??? d. and we had
用a選項，則題干中的still應(yīng)去掉。
8? When he denied the train’s existence, I askedif I _____ borrow his copy. (ll.19-20)
a. can??? b. may???c. might??? d. was able to
Vocabulary
9? Even a mighty express train can be _____ bysignals. (l.14)
a. halted??? b. retarded???c. slowed up??? d. delayed
held up == delayed
halt 停止
retard 防止
slow up 減慢
10? I determined to lodge a complaint _____ onarrival. (l.18)
a. firstly??? b. punctually??? c. straight??? d. immediately
11? _____ , I told him that it was there in blackand white. (ll.20-21)
a. Noting mytriumph? b. Sounding triumphant??? c. On a triumphant note??? d. In my triumphant voice
12? Glancing at it briefly, he told me I should_____ . (l.21)
a. take anotherlook??? b. review it??? c. oerlook it??? d. have second sight
review 復(fù)習(xí)
overlook 忽視，寬恕，檢查，監(jiān)督
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B?? 2. C??3. A?? 4. B?? 5. C??6. A?? 7. D?? 8. C??9. D?? 10. D?? 11. B??12. A
L37-05? 7’20”???????[ Lesson 37? 36:59 ]
（L37-05_38-01? begin?4’19”）?????[ Lesson 38? 44:52 ]
§ Lesson 38 The first calender 最早的日歷
【New words and expressions】生詞和短語
●calendar n.歷法，日歷
●historian n.歷史學(xué)家
●unique??? adj.無與倫比的
●steadily? adv.不斷地
●solely adv.唯一地
●video n.錄像
●CD-ROM??? n.（只讀）光盤驅(qū)動器
●bewilder v.令人眼花繚亂
●deduce?? v.推斷，推理
●scanty???? adj.不足的，貧乏的
●clue?? n.線索
●insignificant? adj. 不重要的
●shed? v.使流出，瀉
●advent??? n.出現(xiàn)，到來，來臨
●agriculture ?? n. 農(nóng)業(yè)
●assumption? n.假定，設(shè)想
●dot??? n.小圓點
●symbol?? n.符號
●engrave? v.雕刻
●ivory n.象牙制品
●mammoth??? n.（古）長毛象
●phase n.月相，天相
●tusk?? n.獠牙，長牙、象牙
●primitive adj.原始的
●nomad??? n.游牧民
●depict???? v.描畫，描繪
●correlate v.使相互聯(lián)系
■calendar n. 歷法，日歷
calender 輪壓機
■historian n. 歷史學(xué)家
historic????? 具有歷史意義的
This is a historicspeech.
historical?? 與歷史研究有關(guān)系的
historical
research 歷史研究
■unique adj. 無與倫比的
unique: uneaqualed
Speech is a uniquehuman ability
unique 不能接受比較級，可以接受quite, almost, nearly, surely, really等修飾，但不能接受rather,very等詞的修飾。
unique 獨一無二的，因唯一而獨特
speical???? 注重性質(zhì)的特殊
especial??? 強調(diào)超過其他的全部
Eg: This is amatter of especial importance.
This is aespecially important matter.
particular 特定的，著重同類中某一個所有獨特的性質(zhì)
Pineapples have
particular flavour. 菠蘿有特別的味道。
exceptional
extraordinary 特別的，與眾不同的
Eg: The warm weatheris exceptional for Jamuary.
L37-05_38-01? end?11’40”
L38-02? begin?10’46”
■steadily adv. 不斷地
■solely adv. 唯一地
■video n. 錄像
■CD-ROM n. （只讀）光盤驅(qū)動器
■bewilder v. 令人眼花繚亂
bewilder: confuse
Eg: she wasbewildered by so many beautiful dresses.
puzzle?? 某問題因復(fù)雜而令人費解
Eg: I am puzzledby the problem.
perplex? 難以理解（包含焦慮不安，不知如何解決的意思）
Eg:? He is perplexed for the answer.
bewilderment: n.
in bewilderment 茫然不知所措
■deduce v. 推斷，推理
deduce: determineor decide sth. by given facts.
Eg: I deduce the conclusionfrom the given facts.
deduce …from 從…中推論，推斷
infer 推斷（不表示過程）
Eg: What can youinfer from the text?
deduce? ==> (ant.) indece歸納
■scanty adj. 不足的，貧乏的
scanty: too few,not enough
scanty knowledge 一知半解
a scanty crop 欠收
be scanty of sth 奇缺
be short of????? 短缺
Eg: The village
school is scanty of textbooks. 這鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校奇缺教材。
be want of = in
need of 需要……
■clue n. 線索
■insignificant adj. 不重要的
■shed v. 使流出，瀉
shed: pour out
shed tears 淚流滿面
shed light 發(fā)光
shed light on sb. 啟發(fā)，啟迪
shed one’s blood
for country 為祖國而流血。
shed one's clothes脫去衣服
■advent n. 出現(xiàn)，到來，來臨
advent: coming orarrival
at the advent of
winter 在冬天到來的時候
at the advent of 在…到來的時候
since the advent
of 自從…的到來
■agriculture n. 農(nóng)業(yè)
■assumption n. 假定，設(shè)想
■dot n. 小圓點
■symbol n. 符號
■engrave v. 雕刻
■ivory n. 象牙制品
■mammoth n. （古）長毛象
■phase n. 月相，天相
■tusk n. 獠牙，長牙、象牙
■primitive adj. 原始的
■nomad n. 游牧民
■depict v. 描畫，描繪
■correlate v. 使相互聯(lián)系
【Text】
§ Lesson 38 The first calender 最早的日歷
?Listen to the tape then answer the questionbelow.
?What is the importance of the dots, lines, andsymbols engraved on stone, bones and ivoury?
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[endif]Future historianswill be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our owntimes. They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass ofevidence that steadily accumulates. What is more they will not have to relysolely on the written word. Films, videos. CDs and CD-ROMs are just some of thebewildering amount of information they will have. They will be able, as it were,to see and hear us in action. But the historian attempting to reconstruct thedistant past is always faced with a difficult task. He has to deduce what hecan from the few scanty clues available. Even seemingly insignificant remainscan shed interesting light on the history of early man.
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[endif]Up to now,historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent ofagriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand somethingabout the seasons. Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that thisassumption is incorrect.
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[endif]Historians have longbeen puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls,bones, and the ivory tusk of mammoths. The nomads who made these markings livedby hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age, which began about 35,000 B.C.and ended about 10,000 B.C. By correlating markings made in various parts ofthe world, historians have been able to read this difficult code. They havefound that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon.It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar. It has long been known that thehunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression.They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man could get to writing.It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings andthe markings that sometimes accompany them. It seems that man was making a realeffort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.
參考譯文
未來的歷史學(xué)家在寫我們這一段歷史的時候會別具一格。對于逐漸積累起來的龐大材料，他們幾乎不知道選取哪些好，而且，也不必完全依賴文字材料。電影、錄像、光盤和光盤驅(qū)動器只是能為他們提供令人眼花繚亂的大量信息的幾種手段。他們能夠身臨其境般地觀看我們做事，傾聽我們講話。但是，歷史學(xué)家企圖重現(xiàn)遙遠的過去可是一項艱巨的任務(wù)，他們必須根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的不充分的線索進行推理。即使看起來微不足道的遺物，也可能揭示人類早期歷史的一些有趣的內(nèi)容。
歷史學(xué)家迄今認為日歷是隨農(nóng)業(yè)的問世而出現(xiàn)的，因為當時人們面臨著了解四季的實際需要，但近期科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，好像這種假設(shè)是不正確的。
長期以來，歷史學(xué)家一直對雕刻在墻壁上、骨頭上、古代長毛象的象牙上的點、線和形形色色的符號感到困惑不解。這些痕跡是游牧人留下的，他們生活在從公元前約35，000年到公元前10，000年的冰川期的末期，以狩獵、捕魚為生。歷史學(xué)家通過把世界各地留下的這種痕跡放在一起研究，終于弄懂了這種費解的代碼。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)代碼與晝夜更迭和月亮圓缺有關(guān)，事實上是一種最原始的日歷。大家早就知道，畫在墻上的狩獵圖景并不是單純的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)形式，它們有著一定的含義，因為它們已接近古代人的文字形式。有時，這種圖畫與墻壁上的刻痕共存，它們之間可能有一定的聯(lián)系?？磥砣祟愒缇椭铝τ谔剿魉募咀冞w了，比人們想像的要早20,000年。
【課文講解】
in the uniqueposition? 處于無以倫比，獨一無二的情況
come to: start,begin
背熟：They will hardly know which facts to selectfrom the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates.
select from 從……中進行選擇(同類中)
choose挑選（憑個人意愿）
一、有三種情況choose和 select不能互換：
1．當在兩者中選一個時只能用choose, 即choosebetween
Eg: We have tochoose between leaving early and paying for taxi.
2．choose可帶 wh從句
Eg: I'll let youchoose where we should go to eat.
3．choose to do 只能用choose.
Eg: What invariably
happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the
same moment.（L33 ）
??? He has deliberately chosen to lead the lifehe leads and is fully aware of the consequences. (L27)
二、select比choose更正式， 即在許多同類的人或物當中根據(jù)客觀標準對這兩個加以比較，鑒別，認真地挑選出最好的、最喜歡的、最有用的。
great mass of ==
too much ＝＝agreat amount of
evidence 不可數(shù)名詞；不能手a great many, a large number of
Eg: She selected ablue dress from the wardrobe.
You have beenselected to present us on the committee.
L38-02? end?10’46”
L38-03? begin?11’22”
what is more?? 更有甚者，furthremore,moreover是的意思
what is worse? 更糟糕的是
rely on ==count on
==depend on 依靠，指望
Eg: You can’t relyon others.
He can’t be reliedon.
solely adv. 唯一地
means: only, just,nearly
bewilder 令人眼花繚亂
bewildering 令人眼花繚亂的
bewildered 感到眼花繚亂的
背熟：They will be able, as it were, to see andhear us in action.
in action 行動中的，活動中的
as it were? 可以說，似乎，好像
Eg: He is as it
were a walking dictionary. 他可以說是一部活字典
??? Computers can never as it were leadindependent lives.??電腦不能過獨立的生活
as it is=in
fact=in really=actually=as a matter of fact 事實上
Eg: I thoughtthings would get better,but as it is , they are getting worse.
In many ways
children lives as it were in a different world from the adults. 在許多方面，孩子們可以說過著一種與大人完全不同的生活。
But the historianattempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficulttask.
be faced with: bein the position in which one must deal with a problem or unpleasant situation.
面臨（因境，問題）
Eg: Automobile
industry is faced with a bad future now. 汽車工業(yè)正面臨著令人擔憂的未來。
A great many
people are faced with losing their jobs. 許多人面臨著失業(yè)。
In my opinion, youare faced with a problem as it were how to get enough time to study English.
The student
attempting to learn English well in a year is faced with a difficult task. 企圖在一年之內(nèi)把英語學(xué)好的學(xué)生面臨著巨大的難題。
available adj. 可利用的
Eg: I havedictionary availabe for you.
Is there a placeavailable for us to have a chat.
I know you are inneed of help, but excuse me, I don’t have any students available for you.
remains ==ruins 遺跡，遺物
insignificant==unimportant
shed light
on=throw light on = cast light on 意思是：make a
matter clear or understood 解釋，說明，提示
L38-03? end?11’22”
L38-04? begin?11’59”
Eg: This
information shed light on the problem. 這份情報會搞清楚這一問題。
Can you shed any
light on the case of the fire? 你能夠解釋這次火災(zāi)嗎？
She will shed
light on the case of stolen jewels. 好將能夠揭示這次珠寶失竊案。
★★★Paragraph 1★★★
in the uniqueposition
select from
the great mass ofevidence
the bewilderingamount of information
what is more
as it were
in action
be faced with
available
shed interestionlight on
up to now = so far到目前為止
come into being ==
come into existence 產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)
come to power 上臺
come into use 開始使用
be faced with a
real need to do sth. 面臨著做某事的真正需要。
Eg: We are facedwith a real need to learn English well.
indicate 揭示
which 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾the last Ice Age
correlate?相互聯(lián)系
it is connectedwith == it is associated with
in fact 可以替換為as it is; actually, in reality
as near as 接近
★★★Paragraph 3 remembered ★★★
historian has longbeen puzzled by
live by huntingand fishing
read thisdifficult code
it has long beenknown that
make a real effortto understand the seasons
L38-04? end?11’59”
L38-05? begin?9’11”
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1? In assuming that calendars came into beingwith the advent of agriculture, historians made the mistake of _____ .
a. relying solelyon the written word
b. disregardingthe markings that early man had been responsible for
c. supposing thatnomadic man had no reason to understand the seasons
d. not connectingthe passage of days with the phasesof the moon
2? The scientific evidence that has recentlycome to light is that _____ .
a. nomads engravedthe bones and tusks of the animals they killed
b. noads lived byhunting and fishing
c. nomadstravelled widely in various parts of the world
d. the markingsmade by variousnomadic groups all have a definite pattern
3? The paintings which have been found on thewalls of nomadic dwelling places _____ .
a. have taughthistorians something about the nomadic way of life
b. have no othercontent than their artistic merit
c. are not thoughtto be connected with an ancient calendar system
d. are invariably accompaniedby odd dots, lines and symbols
Structure
4? It _____ as if they could see nad hear us inaction. (ll.6-7)
a. was??? b. were???c. should be??? d. will be
5? Even _____ seem insignificant remains canshed interesting … (ll.8-9)
a. they??? b. which???c. what??? d. those to
6? Historians are now able to read thisdifficult code _____ markings made in … (ll.15-16)
a. withcorrelating??? b. having correlated??? c. which correlates?? d. for they correlate
7? _____ be a definite relation between thesepaintings and the …(ll.19-21)
a. It could??? b. There can??? c. There may??? d. It might
Vocabulary
8? Historians have long tried to _____ dots,lines and … (l.13)
a. puzzle??? b. puzzle out??? c. riddle???d. detect
9? By correlating markings made in _____ partsof the world … (ll.15-16)
a. different??? b. several??? c. many???d. other
10? ---- historians have been able to read _____. (l.16)
a. these puzzlingsigns??? b. this hard law??? c. thesedifficult signals??? d. this uneasy letter
11? Until recently historians assumed thatcalendars _____ with the advent of agriculture. (l.10)
a. came toexistence??? b. came toexisting??? c. cme to exist??? d. were existential
come to +動詞原形：come to record ; come to exist ; come into existence
12? The people who lived by hunting and fishingduring the last Ice Age _____ .(ll.14-15)
a. wandered fromplace to place? b. lived in villages? c. first learnt to write??? d. learnt how to farm the land
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B?? 2. D??3. A?? 4. D?? 5. C??6. B?? 7. C?? 8. B??9. A?? 10. A?? 11. C??12. A
L38-05? 6’31”?????[ Lesson 38? 44:52 ]
?(L38-05_39-01?2’37”)?????? [ Lesson 39? 35:42 ]
§ Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about 不必擔心
【New words and expressions】生詞和短語
●rough adj.崎嶇不平的
●boulder?? n.大石塊
●pit v.使得坑坑洼洼
●perturb?? v.使不安
●underestimate ?? v. 低估
●swerve?? v.爭轉(zhuǎn)變
●scoop v.挖出
●hammer? v.（用錘）擊打，錘打
●ominously?? adv.有預(yù)兆的，不祥的
●rip v.劃破，撕，扯
●petrol n.汽油
●stretch??? n.一大片（平地或水）
●obstacle? n.障礙
●clump???? n.叢，簇
●fissure??? n.（石、地的）深縫
●renew???? v.重復(fù)
●pleading n.懇求
●gear?? n.（汽車）排檔
●astride??? prep.騎，跨
●crack n.縫隙
●zigzag??? n.“之”字形
●shallow? adj.淺的
●grind (ground, ground )? v.磨擦
●halt??? n.停
●dashboard??? n.（汽車上的）儀表盤
■rough adj. 崎嶇不平的
Eg: We’d betternot take the rough road.
be rough on sb. 對某人苛刻，無禮
Don’t be rough onyour friends.
cut up rough? 發(fā)脾氣
L38-05_39-01? end?9’11”
L39-02? begin?9’23”
■boulder n. 大石塊
■pit v. 使得坑坑洼洼
■perturb v. 使不安
verp upset
be perturbed about
sth 為…而心神不安
His threats didn’tperturb her in the least
disturb 并非用心去擾亂
Eg:It isdisturbing to think that a wild animal is still at large in the quietcountryside.
plague 因病痛和類似的折磨而使人苦惱
Eg:The terrible diseaseplagued him
trouble
Eg:Sorry to giveyou trouble. / Sorry to trouble you.
worry
Eg:He is worriedabout his son’s safety.
fret
Eg:He fretedhimself all the time for news of her.
upset
Eg:I feel upsetnow because I am afraid I hurt you.
dismay 使沮喪
辨別：perturb ; disturb ; plague ; trouble ;worry ; fret ; upset ; dismay
■underestimate v. 低估
■swerve v. 爭轉(zhuǎn)變
■scoop v. 挖出
Eg:She sccped outsome sugar.
make a scoop 走運
Eg:That guy made ascoop.
■hammer v. （用錘）擊打，錘打
■ominously adv. 有預(yù)兆的，不祥的
ominous adj.
Eg:Look at thoseominous black clouds.
omen n.
Eg:This is a good/ bad omen.
Eg:The clouds omenrain.
■rip v. 劃破，撕，扯
tear
rip one's mask
away 撕下某人的假面具
let things
tip==let things be 聽其自然
rip into??? 猛攻，抨擊
rip off???? 偷竊
rip up theback? 背后說壞話
■petrol n. 汽油
■stretch n. 一大片（平地或水）
at a stretch 連續(xù)的，一口氣的，不停頓的
a stretch of land
a stretch of water
Eg: He worked forhours at a stretch.
We drove fast on astretch of open field.
He is unable towork for long stretches.
a stretch of hill 連綿不斷的群山
vt.
He stretched outhis hand to get the apple.
There are forestsstretching for hundreds of miles.
Transport wasrather stretched in the Spring Festival.
■obstacle n. 障礙
Lack of educationis an obstacle to success.
constitue an
obstacle to 構(gòu)成…的障礙
remove/ overcome
an obstacle 克服困難
put obstacle in
sb's way 妨礙某人的發(fā)展
obstacle to 介詞to
L39-02? end?9’23”
L39-03? begin?9’04”
要英語中有好多動詞要與介詞to搭配：
key; answer;shred; advantage; disadvantage; admission; damage to
辨別：obstacle; obstruction; hindrance
Eg: Lake ofeducation is obstacle to success.
There must be anobstruction in the pipe.
You are more ofhindrance than help.
■clump n. 叢，簇
■fissure n. （石、地的）深縫
■renew v. 重復(fù)
■pleading n. 懇求
■gear n. （汽車）排檔
■astride prep. 騎，跨
■crack n. 縫隙
■zigzag n. “之”字形
■shallow adj. 淺的
■grind (ground, ground )v. 磨擦
grind wheat intoflour
grind sth to
pieces 把……弄成碎片
grind one's teeth
in anger 氣得咬牙切齒
■halt n. 停
==stop
They halt for afew minutes.
stop; halt; cease
Eg: The heart willcease to beat when life ceases.
pause vi.
He paused for abreath.
halt
They halted for afew minutes.
halt; cease;pause; stop
halt n.
come to a halt /
stop 停下來
■dashboard n. （汽車上的）儀表盤
【Text】
§Lesson 39??Nothing to worry about不必擔心
?Listen to the tape then answer the questionbelow.
What was thedifference between Bruce’s behaviour and that of other people?
[if !vml][endif]The rough road across the plain soon becameso bad that we tried to get Bruce to drive back to the village we had comefrom. Even though the road was littered with boulders and pitted with holes,Bruce was not in the least perturbed. Glancing at his map, he informed us thatthe next village was a mere twenty miles away. It was not that Bruce alwaysunderestimated difficulties. He simply had no sense of danger at all. No matterwhat the conditions were, he believed that a car should be driven as fast as itcould possibly go.
As we bumped overthe dusty track, we swerved to avoid large boulders.The wheels scooped upstones which hammered ominously under the car. We felt sure that sooner orlater a stone would rip a hole in our petrol tank or damage the engine. Becauseof this, we kept looking back, wondering if we were leaving a trail of oil andpetrol behind us.
What a relief itwas when the boulders suddenly disappeared, giving way to a stretch of plainwhere the only obstacles were clumps of bushes. But there was worse to come.Just ahead of us there was a huge fissure. In response to renewed pleadings,Bruce stopped. Though we all got out to examine the fissure, he remained in thecar. We informed him that the fissure extended for fifty yards and was two feetwide and four feet deep. Even this had no effect. Bruce went into a low gearand drove at a terrifying speed, keeping the front wheels astride the crack ashe followed its zig-zag course. Before we had time to worry about what mighthappen, we were back on the plain again. Bruce consulted the map once more andtold us that the village was now only fifteen miles away. Our next obstacle wasa shallow pool of water about half a mile across. Bruce charged at it, but inthe middle, the car came to a grinding halt. A yellow light on the dash- boardflashed angrily and Bruce cheerfully announced that there was no oil in theengine!
參考譯文
穿越平原的道路高低不平，開車走了不遠，路面愈加崎嶇。我們想勸說布魯斯把車開回我們出發(fā)的那個村莊去。盡管路面布滿石頭，坑坑洼洼，但布魯斯卻一點兒不慌亂。他瞥了一眼地圖，告訴我們前面再走不到20英里就是一個村莊。這并不是說布魯斯總是低估困難，而是他壓根兒沒有一點兒危險感。他認為不管路面情況如何，車必須以最高速度前進。
我們在塵士飛揚的道路上顛簸，車子?xùn)|拐西彎，以躲開那些大圓石。車輪攪起的石塊錘擊車身，發(fā)出不祥的錘擊聲。我們想念遲早會飛起一個石塊把油箱砸開一個窟窿，或者把發(fā)動機砸壞。因此，我們不時地掉過頭，懷疑車后是否留下了機油和汽油的痕跡。
突然大石塊不見了，前面是一片平地，唯一的障礙只有一簇簇灌木叢。這使我們長長地松了口氣。但是更糟糕的事情在等著我們，離我們不遠處，出現(xiàn)一個大裂縫。我們再次央求布魯斯小心，他這才把車停了下來。我們紛紛下車察看那個大裂縫，他卻呆在車上。我們告訴他那個大裂縫長50碼，寬2英尺，深4英尺。這也沒有對他產(chǎn)生任何影響。布魯斯掛上慢檔，把兩只前輪分別擱在裂縫的兩邊，順著彎彎曲曲的裂縫，以發(fā)瘋的速度向前開去。我們還未來得及擔心后果，車已重新開上了平地。布魯斯又看了一眼地圖，告訴我們那座村莊離我們只有15英里了。下一個障礙是一片約半英里寬的淺水塘。布魯斯向水塘沖去，但車開到水塘當中，嘎吱一聲停住了。儀表盤一盞黃燈閃著刺眼的光芒，布魯斯興致勃勃地宣布發(fā)動機里沒油了！
【課文講解】
Nothing to worry about
get sb. to dosth.: persuade / advise sb. to do
Please get them tofinish the work as quickly as possible.
Please get him togive up smoking.
be littered with
be pitted with
even though: evenif
not in the least=not at all / not a bit/ not the least bit?一點也不
not a little =very much
by no means= in no
way =on no account =at no times= under no circumstances 絕不
a mere==only （必須和不定冠詞搭配）
It was not (to say
)…… 這并不是說
dusty track==dustyroad
L39-03? end?9’04”
L39-04? begin?9’25”
look back 回頭看
wondering 從句做伴隨狀況狀語
How relieved wewere
give way to 為……所代替
Eg: The greatclouds gradually broke up and give way to blue sky.
He has nointention of iving way to your demands.
in response to :in reaction to
本課優(yōu)秀結(jié)構(gòu)：Before we had time to worry about whatmight happen, we were back on the plain again.
hardly ... when...
He had hardly hadtime to settle down when he sold the house.
Before he hadhardly had time to worry about what might happen when we were back on the planeagain.
L39-04? end?9’25”
L39-05? begin
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1? Why were the passengers so relieved when theboulders disappeared?
a. Bruce could nowdrive even faster.
b. They hadcovered the greater part of the distance to the village.
c. It seemed lesslikely that they would meet with disaster.
d. They had seenthe huge fissure that lay ahead of them.
2? When they reached the fissure, Bruce stoppedthe car because _____ .
a. the passengershad begged him to do so
b. he wanted toknow the exact dimensions of the fissure
c. he thought itwas safer to drie across it without the passengers
d. he was not surewhether the car was wide enough to bridge it
In response torenewed pleadings , Bruce stopped.
3? Bruce’s reaction to the final episode showsthat _____ .
a. he was not thesort of person to be perturbed by anything
b. he wasextremely brave in face of danger
c. he hadunderestimated the depth of the pool
d. when it came tocrossing water, his driving was nto good enough
?(背熟)
Structure
4? He believed _____ a car as fast as it couldpossibly go. (ll.7-8)
a. driving in??? b. he would drive??? c. to drive??? d. in driving
believe sb. / sth.that / in
5? _____ when the boulders suddenly disappeared.(l.13)
a. How relieved wefelt??? b. What a relief we werefeeling?
c. So relieved wefelt????? d. How we felt relieved
what感嘆句的主體詞是名詞；how 感嘆句的主體詞是形容詞。
6 Bruce _____ whenthe car came to a grinding halt. (l.21)
a. hadchargedthrough it midway??? b. charged throughit to the middle
c. charged midwaythrough it??????? d. was in the middle ofcharging through it
7? Bruce cherfully announced that the engine_____ out of oil. (l.22)
a. ran??? b. had run??? c. was running??? d. has run
run out of
Vocabulary
8? Glancing at his map, heinformed us that thenext village was _____ twenty miles away. (ll.4-5)
a. simply??? b. boringly??? c. only???d. in significantly
9? ---- where nothing could _____ but clumps oftrees. (ll.13-14)
a. hinder ourrogress??? b. spoil our course??? c. hold up our train??? d. harm our way
hinder== obstacle
10? When we pleaded _____ , bruce stopped. (l.15)
a. afresh??? b. aloud???c. repeatedly??? d. forcibly
11? He said: ‘It’s fifteen miles _____ thevillage. ’ (ll.19-20)
a. until??? b. to???c. from??? d. before
12? ---- obstacle was a shallow pool of waterhalf a mile _____ . (ll.20-21)
a. side byside??? b. from top to bottom??? c. from side to side??? d. up and down
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C? ?2.A?? 3. A??4. D?? 5. A?? 6. D??7. B?? 8. C?? 9. A??10 .C?? 11. B?? 12. C
