摘要：2018 年 6 月，我們?cè)邳S河中游晉陜峽谷陜西一側(cè)延安段新發(fā)現(xiàn) 5 處曠野石器地點(diǎn)，采集石制品 556 件，部分石制品暴露于黃土地層的剖面上。古人類加工石制品的原料來(lái)自于黃河河床和階地的礫石層，巖性以石英巖為主，其次為石英。除上述兩種原料之外，燧石、硅質(zhì)巖、硅質(zhì)灰?guī)r、石英砂巖、細(xì)砂巖、蛋白石、瑪瑙、火成巖等也有少量使用。石制品類型包括石錘、石核、石片、工具、斷塊和碎片屑，尺寸以小型為主。石核和石片以自然礫石臺(tái)面者居多。剝片主要采用錘擊法直接剝片，少量使用砸擊法，可能偶而使用碰砧法和銳棱砸擊法。工具多為以石片為毛坯加工而成的中小型刮削器，有少量以礫石為毛坯加工而成的砍砸器。伏羲村、蘇亞河、高家畔、延水關(guān) 4 個(gè)地點(diǎn)發(fā)現(xiàn)的石制品原生埋藏地層為黃河第二級(jí)階地上覆的馬蘭黃土堆積，該套地層形成于晚更新世晚期，石制品屬簡(jiǎn)單的石核 - 石片工業(yè)，可能屬于舊石器時(shí)代晚期。衣錦灘地點(diǎn)的石制品分別埋藏于黃河第二級(jí)階地上覆的馬蘭黃土堆積和黃河第一級(jí)階地上覆的土狀堆積中，時(shí)代分屬于舊石器時(shí)代晚期和新石器時(shí)代。本次新發(fā)現(xiàn)的舊石器地點(diǎn)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大了黃河晉陜峽谷地區(qū)舊石器遺存的分布范圍，豐富了該地區(qū)舊石器文化的內(nèi)涵，為未來(lái)的研究工作提供了新線索。
關(guān)鍵詞 : 黃河晉陜峽谷；延安段；石制品；簡(jiǎn)單石核 - 石片工業(yè)；馬蘭黃土；舊石器時(shí)代晚期
Abstract: In June 2018, five Paleolithic open-air sites were discovered from the Yan’an range of the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge in the middle reach of the Yellow River, North China. A total of 556 lithic artifacts were collected. Some of the lithic artifacts were directly collected from the exposed section of loess deposit. The raw materials of the lithic artifacts mainly come from the riverbed of the Yellow River and the river terrace. These lithic artifacts are mainly made of quartzite, followed by quartz. Flint, silicolite, siliceous limestone, quartz sandstone, fine sandstone, opal, agate, igneous rock were occasionally used. The lithic artifacts include hammers,cores, flakes, retouched tools, chunks and debris. They are mainly small (L<50mm) in size. Theplatforms of core and flake are dominated by cortical surfaces. Most of the stone artifacts were knapped by direct hammer percussion, a few ones were knapped by bi-polar technique, anvilchipping technique, and ridged-hammer bi-polar technique occasionally used. The retouched tools are mainly light-duty scrapers made of flakes, and a small amount of choppers were made of pebbles. The primary buried layer of lithic artifacts found in Fuxicun, Suyahe, Gaojiapan and Yanshuiguan are Malan loess deposits on the second terrace of the Yellow River, this layer was formed in the late Pleistocene, and show typical characters of the simple core-flake industry, the age of lithic artifacts could be temporarily put in the Upper Paleolithic period. The lithic artifacts found in Yijintan site are buried in Malan loess deposits on the second terrace of the Yellow River and the deposits on the first terrace of the Yellow River, they belong to the the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic. These new discoveries extend the distribution of Paleolithic relics in the ShanxiShanxi Gorge area of the Yellow River, enriches the cultural features of Paleolithic relics, and provides a new clue for future research in this region.
Key words: Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge of the Yellow River; Yan’an range; Lithic artifacts; Simple core-flake industry; Malan loess; Upper Paleolithic
