柳葉刀：幽門螺桿菌是中國胃癌的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?，記?點(diǎn)教你徹底根除

The Lancet: Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of gastric cancer in China. Remember 3 tips to eradicate it completely

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39健康網(wǎng) 39 health network

2021-12-14 12:46 The 2021-12-14 31

“醫(yī)生，求求你，救救他，他才31歲啊，我們年底就要結(jié)婚了?！笔中g(shù)室門口，一位女孩跪在醫(yī)生面前，嘶啞的聲音傳遞著她的悲痛。

她名叫小夢（化名），手術(shù)室里是她的未婚夫，他們的婚禮計(jì)劃在今年年底舉行。前一天兩人還在暢想美好的婚后生活，這一刻未婚夫卻生命垂危……

Her name is Xiao Meng (not her real name) and in the operating room is her fiance, whose wedding is planned for later this year. The day before two people are still imagining a beautiful married life, this moment fiance is dying...

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2020年初，年過30的小夢在父母的催婚下，心不甘情不愿地參加了媒婆安排的相親。奇妙的是，就是這場相親，小夢遇見了真愛。

At the beginning of 2020, xiao Meng, who is over 30, reluctantly attended a matchmaker's blind date, urged by her parents to get married. Strangely, it was this blind date that Xiao Meng met his true love.

相親對象不是傳說中的地中海，油膩大叔，而是一個(gè)年輕有為的帥氣小伙。兩人性格相符，三觀相似，感情迅速升溫，年底準(zhǔn)備結(jié)婚。

The blind date is not the legendary Mediterranean, greasy uncle, but a young and promising handsome guy. Two people disposition accords with, three views are similar, affection heats up rapidly, prepare to marry at the end of the year.

男友各方面條件都挺不錯(cuò)，可是，他有一個(gè)小問題讓小夢十分苦惱。小夢不愿意跟男友近距離說話，因?yàn)槟杏训目诔糇屗龑?shí)在難以忍受。小夢想過讓男友去醫(yī)院檢查。但是，這樣尷尬的問題，她不懂如何開口，更怕說出來會影響兩人的感情。

Boyfriend all aspects of the conditions are pretty good, but he has a small problem let small dream very distressed. Xiao Meng is not willing to talk to her boyfriend closely, because her boyfriend's bad breath makes her unbearable. Little dreamed of letting her boyfriend go to the hospital for an examination. However, such an embarrassing problem, she does not know how to open, more afraid of speaking out will affect the feelings of two people.

糾結(jié)之下，小夢還是硬著頭皮跟男友說明自己的想法。出乎意料的是，男友并沒有不開心，而是立馬去醫(yī)院做檢查。檢查結(jié)果顯示，男友的幽門螺桿菌陽性。

Tangled under, small dream or hard to explain their own ideas with her boyfriend. To his surprise, the boyfriend was not upset, but immediately went to the hospital for a check-up. Tests showed that her boyfriend was positive for Helicobacter pylori.

男友的媽媽知道后，向一位“大師”求得一個(gè)藥到病除的“偏方”。 偏方說大蒜殺菌效果強(qiáng)，還能抑制幽門螺桿菌的生長。

After the boyfriend's mother knows, to a "master" get a medicine to get rid of the "folk prescription". Folk prescription says garlic sterilization effect is strong, but also can inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pylori.

為了趕緊解決口臭問題，之后男友頓頓不離大蒜。就這樣吃了差不多三個(gè)月，突然有一天，他感覺腹部開始隱隱作痛，當(dāng)時(shí)并沒有很在意。誰知，第二天腹部越發(fā)疼痛，下床都艱難。

In order to quickly solve the problem of bad breath, he would not eat without garlic. After eating like this for about three months, he suddenly felt a dull pain in his abdomen and didn't pay much attention to it. Who knows, the next day abdominal pain, difficult to get out of bed.

小夢立馬撥打120，送醫(yī)檢查后，醫(yī)生無奈的搖搖頭說：“晚了，是胃癌?！?br>

Small dream immediately dial 120, sent to the doctor after examination, the doctor helplessly shook his head said: "late, is stomach cancer."

原來，頓頓大蒜不僅沒能抑制幽門螺桿菌的生長，反而傷害到胃。起前檢查出感染幽門螺桿菌，卻沒有及時(shí)治療，現(xiàn)在病情惡化，已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為胃癌，一場悲劇由此產(chǎn)生。

It turns out that instead of suppressing the growth of helicobacter pylori, garlic in the day and night can actually harm the stomach. Before the examination of helicobacter pylori infection, but no timely treatment, now the deterioration of the condition, has been transformed into gastric cancer, a tragedy from this.

幽門螺桿菌是生存在胃里的一種微生物。1994年，世界衛(wèi)生組織國際癌癥研究機(jī)構(gòu)把幽門螺桿菌列入一類致癌物。幽門螺桿菌可以通過口、手、水源、糞便等進(jìn)行傳播，感染幽門螺桿菌可能會增加罹患胃癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Helicobacter pylori is a microbe that lives in the stomach. In 1994, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer classified Helicobacter pylori as a class 1 carcinogen. Infection with helicobacter pylori, which can be spread by mouth, hands, water and feces, may increase the risk of stomach cancer.

一、幽門螺桿菌為何偏愛中國人？ 1. Why helicobacter pylori prefers Chinese people?

中華醫(yī)學(xué)會發(fā)布的《第五次全國幽門螺桿菌感染處理共識報(bào)告》數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我國幽門螺桿菌的感染率約50%。

Data from the Fifth Consensus report on the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection released by the Chinese Medical Association show that the infection rate of Helicobacter pylori in China is about 50%.

《柳葉刀》雜志于11月底發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究指出，中國確診的胃癌病例中，約有34萬胃癌新發(fā)和幽門螺桿菌感染相關(guān)，幽門螺桿菌慢慢成為了胃癌的“元兇”。

According to a study published in the Lancet in late November, about 340,000 new cases of stomach cancer in China are linked to helicobacter pylori infection, a bacterium that has emerged as the leading cause of the disease.

為何我國幽門螺桿菌的感染率如此之高？究其原因，是因?yàn)橹袊说娘嬍沉?xí)慣。

Why is the infection rate of Helicobacter pylori so high in China? The reason is Chinese people's eating habits.

眾所周知，中國人喜歡團(tuán)圓，家庭成員同吃同住是普遍現(xiàn)象。全家人不分餐，共用碗筷、餐具，甚至有些老人，還會把食物嚼碎再喂給孩子。正是這些不起眼的生活習(xí)慣，加大了幽門螺桿菌的傳染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，導(dǎo)致我國幽門螺桿菌感染率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于其他發(fā)達(dá)國家。

As is known to all, Chinese people like reunion, and it is common for family members to eat and live together. The whole family does not eat separately, sharing bowls, chopsticks, tableware, and even some old people will chew the food and then feed it to the children. It is these humble habits that increase the risk of helicobacter pylori infection, leading to helicobacter pylori infection rate in China is much higher than other developed countries.

二、出現(xiàn)這4類癥狀，小心幽門螺桿菌找上門 Two, appear these 4 kinds of symptoms, be careful helicobacter pylori come to the door

幽門螺桿菌感染后，患者可能會出現(xiàn)胃痛、胃脹、惡心、反酸、消化不良等不適。出現(xiàn)這4類癥狀，小心幽門螺桿菌找上門：

After helicobacter pylori infection, patients may have stomach pain, stomach distension, nausea, acid reflux, indigestion and other discomfort. There are four types of symptoms, beware of Helicobacter pylori door:

1.疼痛：患者胃部出現(xiàn)絞痛、燒灼痛，或伴燒心，反酸等癥狀，部分患者進(jìn)食后有食物刺激痛。

1. Pain: Patients have stomach colic, burning pain, or heartburn, acid reflux and other symptoms. Some patients have food irritation and pain after eating.

2.腹脹：患者經(jīng)常感覺腹部不適，即使顆粒未進(jìn)也會有腹脹感。

2. Abdominal distension: Patients often feel abdominal discomfort, even if the particles have not entered, there will be abdominal distension.

3.打嗝：患者頻繁打嗝、噯氣，這也是胃動(dòng)力不足的表現(xiàn)。

3. Hiccups: Patients frequently belch and belch, which is also a manifestation of insufficient gastric motility.

4.食欲不振：患者缺乏食欲，沒有胃口，并常伴有消化不良的癥狀。

4. Anorexia: Loss of appetite, often accompanied by indigestion.

如若出現(xiàn)以上癥狀，一定要及時(shí)就醫(yī)，檢測是否為幽門螺桿菌感染。早發(fā)現(xiàn)，早治療是治病的關(guān)鍵，萬不可一拖再拖，導(dǎo)致幽門螺桿菌向胃癌惡化。

If the above symptoms occur, we must seek medical treatment in time to detect whether helicobacter pylori infection. Early detection, early treatment is the key to treatment, do not delay, leading to the deterioration of Helicobacter pylori to gastric cancer.

三、哪些人需要根治幽門螺旋桿菌？ Three, which people need to cure helicobacter pylori?

如果不幸感染了幽門螺桿菌也不必過于驚慌，并非所有感染者都需要進(jìn)行治療，有些抵抗力強(qiáng)的人可以和幽門螺桿菌和平共處。

If unfortunately infected with HELICobacter pylori do not need to be too alarmed, not all infected people need to be treated, some people with strong resistance can peacefully coexist with helicobacter pylori.

那么，哪些人需要做根除治療呢？北京中醫(yī)醫(yī)院臨床流行病學(xué)與循證醫(yī)學(xué)中心主任李博給出提醒，以下這四類人要做根除治療：

So, who needs eradication? Li Bo, director of the Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine at The Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, reminds four groups of people to get eradication treatment:

1.患有消化性潰瘍(胃潰瘍、十二指腸潰瘍)的患者;

1. Patients with peptic ulcer (gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer);

2.早期胃癌術(shù)后患者;

2. Postoperative patients with early gastric cancer;

3.胃MALT淋巴瘤患者;

3. Patients with gastric MALT lymphoma;

4.慢性胃炎(伴黏膜萎縮或糜爛)患者。

4. Patients with chronic gastritis (with mucosal atrophy or erosion).

四、3個(gè)辦法徹底根除幽門螺桿菌 Four, three ways to completely eradicate Helicobacter pylori

海軍軍醫(yī)大學(xué)長海醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科副主任杜奕奇教授表示：“胃癌在全球癌癥發(fā)病率和死亡率中居前5位，在我國每年癌癥新發(fā)病例中，胃癌人數(shù)排名第二，胃癌預(yù)防迫在眉睫。”

Du Yiqi, deputy director of the Department of gastroenterology at Changhai Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, said, "Stomach cancer is among the top five cancers worldwide in terms of morbidity and mortality, and ranks second in the number of new cancer cases in China each year. Prevention of stomach cancer is urgent."

預(yù)防胃癌從根除幽門螺桿菌開始。目前，臨床上對于根除幽門螺桿菌主要有三個(gè)措施：

The prevention of gastric cancer starts with the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. At present, there are three main clinical measures to eradicate Helicobacter pylori:

1、四聯(lián)療法 1. Quadruple therapy

幽門螺桿菌感染，目前主要是采取四聯(lián)療法進(jìn)行治療。即一種抑制胃酸藥物+一種胃黏膜保護(hù)劑+兩種以上抗生素。治療期間用藥種類較多，患者必須嚴(yán)格遵從醫(yī)囑，按時(shí)按量服用，如出現(xiàn)胃部不適，需立刻向醫(yī)生反饋。

Helicobacter pylori infection is mainly treated by quadruple therapy. That is, a drug to inhibit gastric acid + a protective agent for gastric mucosa + more than two antibiotics. During the treatment, there are many kinds of drugs, patients must strictly follow the doctor's advice, take on time and in accordance with the amount, if stomach discomfort, need to immediately report to the doctor.

2、及時(shí)復(fù)查 2, timely review

患者在停藥后，需在醫(yī)生規(guī)定的復(fù)查時(shí)間內(nèi)及時(shí)復(fù)查，了解治療動(dòng)態(tài)，確認(rèn)治療效果。不可主觀臆斷，判斷自己的病情。

After drug withdrawal, patients should be reexamined in time within the review time prescribed by the doctor to understand the treatment dynamics and confirm the treatment effect. Don't judge your own condition subjectively.

3、預(yù)防再次感染 3. Prevent re-infection

根除治療后的患者要加倍小心，預(yù)防再次感染。

Extra care should be taken after eradication to prevent re-infection.

在生活中，飯前便后要洗手;避免接觸被污染的水源；盡量做到分餐制、給他人夾菜時(shí)使用公筷；拒絕衛(wèi)生質(zhì)量沒保障的路邊攤等等。

In life, wash your hands before eating and after using the toilet; Avoid contact with contaminated water sources; Try to eat separately and use chopsticks when serving food to others. Refuse street stalls with poor hygiene and quality.

如若有家人確診已經(jīng)感染幽門螺桿菌，那么一定要使用專門的個(gè)人餐具，不要與家人混用，以防餐具交叉使用，相互感染。

If a family member has been diagnosed with HELICobacter pylori infection, then must use special personal tableware, do not mix with family, in case tableware cross use, mutual infection.

幽門螺桿菌，一人感染，全家遭殃。保護(hù)自己，保護(hù)家人，從注意飲食衛(wèi)生和個(gè)人衛(wèi)生做起，積極防范胃癌，避免“菌從口入”。

Helicobacter pylori. One person, whole family. To protect yourself and your family, start from paying attention to food hygiene and personal hygiene, actively prevent stomach cancer, and avoid "bacteria entering from the mouth".

[1]我國約50%的人感染幽門螺桿菌，出現(xiàn)這四類癥狀或是感染.健康時(shí)報(bào). 2020-07-13

[1] About 50% of the people in China infected with Helicobacter pylori, these four types of symptoms or infection. Health Times. 2020-07-13

[2]張寶華.哪些人需要根治幽門螺旋桿菌[J].家庭醫(yī)學(xué)：下半月，2019：56-56.

[2] Zhang B H. Who needs radical treatment for Helicobacter pylori [J]. Family Medicine: second half of 2019:56-56. (in Chinese)

[3] 一半國人感染幽門螺桿菌. 健康時(shí)報(bào). 2020-07-10

[3] Half of the country is infected with Helicobacter pylori. Health Times. 2020-07-10

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