在上Coursera"設(shè)計(jì)原理"這門(mén)課的時(shí)候，第一節(jié)課作業(yè)要求舉出違背distributed cognition 分布式認(rèn)知的例子。對(duì)分布式認(rèn)知其實(shí)在課上不是很理解，于是我在作業(yè)評(píng)論下提問(wèn)，得到了這樣的回答：

Cognition is distributed because of all that surrounds us: the environment, which includes things, humans, non-humans, everything that surrounds, affects, shapes us. Simply, cognition is always distributed, but with reference with particular things we may talk about affordances. We perceive the function of a thing immediately, in the same way we perceive colors and forms. Cognition is distributed because there are affordances. An affordance provides us with clues that help us to use a specific thing. The term "affordance" has been coined by Gibson in 1979, in his bookThe Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Very important: he formulates a theory of direct perception! He states that the affordances of the environment are all about what the environment does offer, what it does provide us with, for better or for worse.

A sharp object invites us to cut, and we can use it as a knife. On the other hand, a knife is an object that not only invites us to cut, but it has also been thought and designed to cut.

我理解為，一個(gè)物品不僅僅是因?yàn)樗拇嬖谧屓巳ハ胧褂盟?，也因?yàn)樗揪驮O(shè)計(jì)為誘導(dǎo)人們使用的樣子，無(wú)論是顏色、形狀、材質(zhì)等等，有意讓人們想到要這樣使用。設(shè)計(jì)利用了人們的分布式認(rèn)知，即我們周?chē)沫h(huán)境，包括事物、人為的、非認(rèn)為的，都在影響和改變我們自身。從這點(diǎn)出發(fā)，人本身具有被物品可塑的性質(zhì)，那就按照根本的需求去設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品，讓人們從直接感受中學(xué)會(huì)使用它，而不只是單向的被動(dòng)的根據(jù)現(xiàn)成的想法來(lái)制造。

通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)形成分布式認(rèn)知，還可以減輕用戶(hù)記憶的負(fù)擔(dān)，讓信息盡可能多地呈現(xiàn)在人們面前。

比如說(shuō)呢，你能舉出網(wǎng)頁(yè)、app設(shè)計(jì)中分布式認(rèn)知的正例或反例嗎 :)