1.現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法

現(xiàn)在完成時表示一件已發(fā)生的事，這事往往與現(xiàn)在情況有聯(lián)系

• I've lost my key.我的鑰匙丟了。（因此無法進屋）
• She's gone to town.她進城去了。（現(xiàn)在在城里）
• I've got a letter from my aunt.我收到姨母一封信。（因此知道她的近況）
• The lift has broken down.電梯壞了。（因此我們得爬樓梯）
• Peter has had a bad car crash.彼得出了嚴重車禍。（可能送醫(yī)院了）
• I've washed my car.我洗過車了。（因此很干凈）
• He hasn't come back yet.他還沒回來。（我們還在等他）
• Have you had your supper yet？——Yes, I have.你吃晚飯了嗎？——吃過了。（不餓了）

?？珊蚸ust，already，yet，recently，over這類副詞連用：

• He's just left.他剛走。
• Has he phoned you yet？——No, not yet.他給你打電話了嗎？——還沒有。
• Jane has rung me up three times this morning already.簡今天早上已給我打過三次電話。
• The rain has already stopped.雨已經(jīng)停了。
• Have you ever talked to him about it?你曾和他談過這事嗎？
• Have you seen Lewes recently?你最近見到過路易斯嗎？
• I have never broken my word.我從未違背過自己的諾言。
• He still hasn't finished his work.他的工作還沒干完。
• There have been some changes lately.近來有些變化。

也可和表示從過去某時到現(xiàn)在這段時間的狀語連用

• How many letters have you received this week?這星期你收到多少封信？
• They have turned out over1,000 cars this month.這個月他們生產(chǎn)了一千多輛汽車。
• He has made several trips to Paris this year.今年他去過幾趟巴黎。
• I've seen little of her in the past few years.過去幾年中我很少見到她。
• So far he has done very well at school.到現(xiàn)在為止他在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)很好。
• Up to now,the work has been easy.到現(xiàn)在為止，這工作還算容易。

還常和for及since引導(dǎo)的狀語或與how long連用

• I haven't seen you for ages.我好久沒見到你了。
• He hasn't cleaned his room for months.他有好幾個月沒打掃這房間了。
• We've lived here for over ten years.我們在這里住了十多年了。
• How long have you known her?你認識她多久了？

也常常單獨使用不需任何狀語

• She has found a new job.她找到了一份新工作。
• We've sent some people to help them.我們已派了幾個人去幫助他們。
• We've put up thousands oft all buildings.我們蓋起了數(shù)以千計的高樓。
• Which side has won?哪邊贏了？
• They have taken the injured people to hospital.他們把傷者送進了醫(yī)院。
• I'm sorry, I've broken your cup.對不起，我把你的杯子打破了。
• I wonder if she's got well.我不知道她是否已經(jīng)痊愈。
• Who has taken my dictionary away?誰把我的字典拿走了？

2.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的比較

這兩個時態(tài)都談已發(fā)生的事，主要差別是現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，或是對現(xiàn)在有影響，或談現(xiàn)在以前這一段時間里發(fā)生的事，而一般過去時單純談過去的事，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。因此凡是有過去時間狀語時，只能用過去時

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有時同一個動作，根據(jù)具體情況，可能需用不同的時態(tài)

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3.特殊情況說明

3.1 have gone to和have been to

have gone to表示“到某地去了”，因此人還在那里：

• She has gone to live abroad.她到國外居住了。（她現(xiàn)在國外）
• The kids have gone to the zoo.孩子們到動物園去了。（他們在動物園）
• Where has Mary gone?瑪麗到哪里去了？（她在哪里？）

have been（to）表示“到（來）過某地”：

• Have you ever been to HongKong?你到過香港嗎？
• I've been to Europe several times.我到歐洲去過幾次。
• I've been to see my grand mother.我去看我奶奶了。（現(xiàn)已回來）
• She's been to do some shopping.她出去買東西了。

3.2 由since引導(dǎo)的從句中的時態(tài)

由since引導(dǎo)的從句一般用過去時（主句謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時）

• We've been friend sever since we met at school.自在學(xué)校相遇以來，我們一直是朋友。
• Much has changed since I was there last time.自我上次到那里之后發(fā)生了許多變化。

當(dāng)表示“有多少時間”時，主句謂語可用一般現(xiàn)在時：

• It's two years since I left home.我離家已經(jīng)兩年了。
• How long is it since you came here last time?自你上次來這里之后已經(jīng)多久了？

在從句中有時可用現(xiàn)在完成時，特別是動詞為be時

• I have been terribly busy since I've been back.我回來之后一直忙得要命。
• She has seldom been out since she has been ill.她生病以來很少出去
• It's some time since I've wirtten to her.有相當(dāng)時間我沒給她寫信了。

3.3 和time一道用的情況

• This(It) is the first time I have seen a pagoda.這是我首次看到寶塔
• It is only the second time he's been in a palace.這只是他第二次進皇宮
• That's the third time he's quarrelled with her in a week.這是一星期中他第三次和她吵架。