The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
飛機(jī)、火車和汽車的綠色化
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2, emissions. As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation-which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
在全球范圍內(nèi)運(yùn)輸貨物和人員是全球二氧化碳排放的主要來(lái)源。隨著世界各國(guó)競(jìng)相實(shí)現(xiàn)脫碳，交通運(yùn)輸面臨著特殊的問(wèn)題，交通運(yùn)輸約占我們能源相關(guān)溫室氣體排放的四分之一。以下是2018年不同交通方式的排放明細(xì)。
ROAD VEHICLES
公路運(yùn)輸
ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1%
公路（乘客） 45.1%
ROAD(GOODS) 29.4%
公路（貨物） 29.4%
AIRPLANES 11.6%
航空 11.6%
SHIPPING 10.6%
水運(yùn) 10.6%
RAIL 1%
鐵路 1%
OTHER 2.2%
其他 2.2%
The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
運(yùn)輸燃料不僅需要綠色、廉價(jià)和強(qiáng)大，還需要足夠輕便和安全，可以隨身攜帶。每種運(yùn)輸方式都有其特定的燃料需求。許多問(wèn)題仍有待解決，但以下是一些讓我們走向綠色的解決方案。
FUTURE FUELS
未來(lái)燃料
PLANES-Synthetic hydrocarbons
飛機(jī)——合成碳?xì)浠衔?br>
The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation. One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air.
最難脫碳的行業(yè)是航空業(yè)。飛機(jī)可持續(xù)燃料的一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期選擇是從回收的空氣中制造碳?xì)浠衔铩?/p>
CARS-Batteries
汽車——電池
Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services. New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge.
電池是節(jié)能的，電動(dòng)汽車可以接入現(xiàn)有的系統(tǒng)和服務(wù)。新的固態(tài)電池一次充電就能讓汽車走得很遠(yuǎn)。
TRAINS-Electricity
火車——電力
Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires: others can be made electric in pretty simple ways.
一些火車已經(jīng)通過(guò)軌道或電線實(shí)現(xiàn)了電氣化：其他火車可以通過(guò)非常簡(jiǎn)單的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)電氣化。
TRUCKS-Hydrogen fuel cells
卡車——?dú)淙剂想姵?br>
Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is expensive.
氫燃料電池是比卡車電池更輕的選擇，但制造綠色氫氣的成本很高。
SHIPS-Liquid ammonia
輪船——液氨
Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport, but it is hard to ignite and requires an engine redesign.
液氨易于保存和運(yùn)輸，但很難點(diǎn)燃，需要重新設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。
This energy transition is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “'a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
國(guó)家可再生能源實(shí)驗(yàn)室的機(jī)械工程師Keith Wipke表示，這種能源轉(zhuǎn)型是全球性的，世界所需的可再生能源數(shù)量“有點(diǎn)令人震驚”。據(jù)估計(jì)，到2050年，全球電力需求可能會(huì)翻一番以上。幸運(yùn)的是，分析表明可再生能源能夠勝任這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。Wipke說(shuō)：“我們需要加快綠色能源的開(kāi)發(fā)，所有這些能源都會(huì)得到利用”。
