Shortage?of?semiconductors

Semiconductors pose an unwelcome roadblock for carmakers

半導(dǎo)體成為了令汽車制造商頭疼的“攔路虎”


A shortage of semiconductors has left car firms unable to install the electronics that control entertainment systems, safety features and driving aids. Ferdinand Dudenh?ffer of the Center Automotive Research, a German think-tank, reckons the bottlenecks will dent forecast worldwide production in 2021 by 5.2m cars, to 74.8m.

半導(dǎo)體的短缺使得各大汽車公司無從安裝用于控制汽車娛樂系統(tǒng)、安全性能以及駕駛輔助的電子器件。來自汽車研究中心(德國智庫機(jī)構(gòu))的費(fèi)迪南德·杜德霍夫認(rèn)為,此類瓶頸將影響 2021 年全球汽車的預(yù)估產(chǎn)量,產(chǎn)能預(yù)計(jì)減少 520 萬輛,降至 7480 萬輛。

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Ford's net profit fell by half in the second quarter, year on year, mainly owing to the chip crunch. Jaguar Land Rover expects sales in the three months to September to be 50% lower than planned.

與去年同期相比,福特汽車今年第二季度的凈利潤減半,主要原因就在于本次“芯片荒”。捷豹路虎也預(yù)判,截至 9 月,這三個(gè)月的銷量將比原計(jì)劃縮水 50%。

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Expecting weak sales, in 2020 carmakers pared back orders of electronics, and then underestimated the rapidity of recovery this year. When the pandemic boosted demand from makers of electronic devices for those locked down at home, car firms found themselves low in the semiconductor pecking order.

2020 年,汽車制造商們預(yù)計(jì)銷售將呈疲軟態(tài)勢(shì),于是削減了電子器件的訂購量;后來他們低估了今年市場復(fù)蘇的驚人速度。疫情的暴發(fā)使得人們居家隔離,從而刺激了電子設(shè)備制造商(對(duì)于半導(dǎo)體)的需求量。此時(shí),汽車生產(chǎn)商們驚覺,自己來到了半導(dǎo)體供應(yīng)鏈的“金字塔”底端。

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Established car firms also long ago outsourced development of most technology to big suppliers. This has kept chip firms and car firms at arm's length.

此外,老牌汽車公司很早之前便已將大多數(shù)設(shè)備研發(fā)工作都外包給了大型供應(yīng)商。如此一來,芯片公司和汽車公司之間更是關(guān)系甚淺。

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As Pedro Pacheco of Gartner points out, software will become a significant source of profits as cars move from a disparate collection of chips to a centralised "brain" connected to the internet that can be updated remotely. In 2019 Tesla made an average of nearly $1,200 per vehicle from selling software updates, Mr Pacheco notes.

高德納咨詢公司的佩德羅·帕切科指出,軟件將成為汽車廠商盈利的關(guān)鍵來源。目前汽車行業(yè)正在實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)型:此前它只是由一眾“各忙各”的芯片堆砌而成,而如今的汽車就好比一個(gè)聯(lián)網(wǎng)集中處理信息的“大腦”,并且可以遠(yuǎn)程更新。帕切科先生尤其提到,2019 年,特斯拉就曾通過售賣軟件升級(jí)包,實(shí)現(xiàn)平均每車近 1200 美元的營收。

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To ensure that the hardware woes don't stymie this ambition, carmakers may need to take another leaf from Tesla's book. The Californian firm has been designing its own chips since 2016, which lets it launch new software-enabled features quickly.

汽車廠商要想確?!坝布Ь场辈粫?huì)阻礙自己利用軟件盈利的野心,那他們或許就得再跟特斯拉學(xué)上一招了。自 2016 年起,這個(gè)總部位于加利福尼亞州的公司就開始設(shè)計(jì)自研芯片了,這讓它很快得以發(fā)行一系列基于軟件的新功能。

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As the industry braces for a more electric and electronic future, it can ill afford to leave its fate in someone else's hands.

隨著汽車行業(yè)正迎來一個(gè)日益電動(dòng)化和電子化的未來,它可不能再把自己的命運(yùn)交到別人手上了。

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主編:Bao、Mia

品控:木子、Felicity

審核:Raven

重點(diǎn)詞匯

semiconductor

/?sem.i.k?n?d?k.t?/

n. 半導(dǎo)體

拓展發(fā)音:/?sem.a?.k?n?d?k.t?/

相關(guān)詞匯:conduct(v. 傳導(dǎo);實(shí)施,執(zhí)行)

搭配短語:to conduct a survey

搭配短語:to conduct heat / electricity

相關(guān)詞匯:conductor(n. 導(dǎo)體)

詞根詞綴:-or(名詞后綴)

詞根詞綴:semi-(表示“一半”)

拓展發(fā)音:/'semi/、/sema?/

相關(guān)詞匯:semifinal(n. 半決賽)

相關(guān)詞匯:semicircular(adj. 半圓的)

roadblock

/?ro?d.blɑ?k/

n. 路障

相關(guān)詞匯:road(n. 道路)

相關(guān)詞匯:block(n. 障礙)

electronics

/i?lek?trɑ?.n?ks/

n. 電子器件,電子設(shè)備

詞根詞綴:electro-(表示“與電有關(guān)的”)

相關(guān)詞匯:electronic(adj. 電子的)

英文釋義:electronic equipment

相關(guān)詞匯:electricity(n. 電力,電能)

reckon

/?rek.?n/

v. 估算;想,認(rèn)為

近義詞:think, suppose

例句:I reckon I'm going to get that job.

英文釋義:to calculate roughly

bottleneck

/?bɑ?.t??l.nek/

n. 瓶頸

相關(guān)詞匯:bottle(n. 瓶子)

相關(guān)詞匯:neck(n. 脖頸)

dent

/dent/

v. 減少,削弱;使產(chǎn)生凹痕

詞義拓展:dent(n. 因撞擊產(chǎn)生的凹坑)

近義詞:damage, harm, reduce

year on year

與上年同期相比, 同比

同義詞組:year over year

crunch

/kr?nt?/

n.(突發(fā)的)不足,短缺

近義詞:shortage

搭配短語:a budget crunch

搭配短語:an energy crunch

搭配短語:a semiconductor crunch

pare back

(大幅)縮減,削減

相關(guān)詞匯:pare(v. 削皮;縮小,減少)

近義詞:peel(v. 削皮)

搭配短語:to pare the apple

近義詞:reduce(v. 縮小,減少)

同義詞組:pare down

搭配短語:to pare expenses back / down to the minimum

搭配短語:to pare back / down to the bone

英文釋義:to reduce to the lowest possible level

pecking order

等級(jí)排序;(鳥類世界的)啄食順序;(人類社會(huì)中的)長幼尊卑制度、權(quán)勢(shì)等級(jí)

相關(guān)詞匯:peck(v. 啄食)

相關(guān)詞匯:order(n. 順序)

established

/??st?b.l??t/

adj. 資深的,已確立地位的

相關(guān)詞匯:establish(v. 建立)

搭配短語:an established professor

outsource

/?a?t.s??rs/

v. 外包

相關(guān)詞匯:source(v. 采購)

詞義拓展:source(n. 資源)

英文釋義:to get sth. from a particular place

詞根詞綴:out-(表示“向外”)

at arm's length

保持距離;疏遠(yuǎn)

英文釋義:It is used to describe a situation in which two people, companies, etc. operate separately from each other.

disparate

/?d?s.p?.?t/

adj. 不相干的,截然不同的

近義詞組:at arm's length

woe

/wo?/

n. 困難

近義詞:trouble, problem

搭配短語:economic woes

stymie

/?sta?.mi/

v. 妨礙,阻撓

英文釋義:to prevent someone from doing what they have planned or want to do

take a leaf from one's book

效仿(某人);以(某人)為榜樣

近義詞:imitate

brace

/bre?s/

v.(為困難)做準(zhǔn)備

搭配短語:brace for

搭配短語:brace for job losses

electric

/i?lek.tr?k/

adj. 用電的;電動(dòng)的

相關(guān)詞匯:electricity(n. 電力,電能)

can ill afford to do sth.

經(jīng)不起做某事

相關(guān)詞匯:ill(表示否定)

近義詞組:cannot afford to do sth.

例句:They can ill afford to fail any of the exams.

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