What can and can't be learned from a doctor in China who pioneered masks
從在中國(guó)推廣口罩的醫(yī)學(xué)先驅(qū)身上，我們能吸取哪些經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)
In late 1910, a deadly plague started spreading in northeastern China. Tens of thousands of people coughed up blood. They all died.
1910 年末，一場(chǎng)致命的瘟疫開始在中國(guó)的東北地區(qū)蔓延。數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的人出現(xiàn)咳血癥狀。（最后）他們?nèi)克劳觥?/p>
This outbreak sent the Qing government into a tailspin: Officials didn't know what illness was causing these deaths, let alone how to control it. So they brought in one of the best trained doctors in Asia at the time, Dr. Wu Lien-Teh.
這場(chǎng)突如其來(lái)的瘟疫使清政府陷入慌亂：官員們連這些人死亡的病因都不知道，更別提對(duì)疫情加以控制了。所以他們請(qǐng)來(lái)了當(dāng)時(shí)全亞洲最訓(xùn)練有素的醫(yī)生之一——伍連德醫(yī)生。
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Wu found a bacterium similar to the one that had caused bubonic plague in the West. He recognized Manchuria's plague as a respiratory disease and urged everyone to wear masks.
伍連德（在病患的身上）發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種細(xì)菌，這種細(xì)菌和曾在西方引起腺鼠疫的病菌相似。他判斷出東北三省的這場(chǎng)瘟疫是一種呼吸道疾病，并敦促所有人佩戴口罩。
Chinese authorities, heeding his call, coupled masking with stringent lockdowns enforced by the police.*** Four months after the doctor was summoned, the plague ended.
清政府聽從了他的請(qǐng)求，并在要求人們戴口罩的同時(shí)，還下令讓警察執(zhí)行嚴(yán)格的隔離措施。在伍連德醫(yī)生被請(qǐng)來(lái)四個(gè)月后，疫情便結(jié)束了。
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Western countries at the time largely viewed China as "the sick man of the East," a country overburdened by disease, opium addiction and an ineffective government. But when Wu stepped in, he had the social and political clout to be a catalyst for change.
當(dāng)時(shí)的西方國(guó)家大多把中國(guó)視作“東亞病夫”——一個(gè)因疾病、鴉片成癮和政府無(wú)能而不堪重負(fù)的國(guó)家。但是當(dāng)伍連德醫(yī)生出面時(shí)，他卻有足夠的社會(huì)和政治影響力來(lái)促使情況發(fā)生改變。
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While the Chinese of that era complied with these strategies, public health professionals in the United States and other Western countries have struggled to get people to listen to them during the COVID-19 pandemic.
即使是清末的中國(guó)人，也會(huì)服從政府的抗疫策略，然而在新冠肺炎疫情期間，美國(guó)和其他西方國(guó)家的公共衛(wèi)生專家卻很難讓人們聽從他們。
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And as many Americans abandon masking, push to restore normality in places where risks of infection remain high and hesitate to get vaccinated, some public health experts have looked to Wu's success, seeking lessons on handling not only COVID, but also future epidemics.***
許多美國(guó)人放棄戴口罩，卻力圖讓感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)仍然很高的地區(qū)恢復(fù)常態(tài)，并且還在猶豫是否要接種疫苗。當(dāng)這些情況發(fā)生時(shí)，有些公共衛(wèi)生專家已經(jīng)把目光投向了伍連德的成功事跡，以便從中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，他們這樣做不僅是為了抗擊新冠病毒，也是為了防治未來(lái)其他的流行病。
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主編：夏天
品控：Pita
審核：Amy
重點(diǎn)詞匯
pioneer
/?pa???n?r/
v. 開創(chuàng)……
相關(guān)詞匯：pioneer（n. 先鋒，帶頭人）
搭配短語(yǔ)：to pioneer a new industry
deadly
/?ded.li/
adj. 致命的
詞根詞綴：dead（adj. 死亡的）
詞根詞綴：-ly（構(gòu)成形容詞）
近義詞：fatal（adj. 致命的）
搭配短語(yǔ)：a deadly weapon
plague
/ple?ɡ/
n. 瘟疫；煩惱
例句：Mosquitoes are a plague for many people.
詞性拓展：plague（v. 折磨，煩擾）
例句：Many people are plagued by mosquitoes.
cough up (sth.)
咳出（某物）
outbreak
/?a?t.bre?k/
n.（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或疾病的）爆發(fā)
相關(guān)詞組：break out（（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或疾?。┍l(fā)）
搭配短語(yǔ)：the outbreak of war
tailspin
/?te?l?sp?n/
n. 慌亂；失控的狀態(tài)
相關(guān)詞匯：tail（n. 尾巴）
相關(guān)詞匯：spin（n. 快速旋轉(zhuǎn)）
搭配短語(yǔ)：an economic tailspin（混亂的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)）
搭配短語(yǔ)：an emotional tailspin（（人）內(nèi)心的慌亂）
搭配短語(yǔ)：send sb / sth. into a tailspin
respiratory
/?res.p?.r?.t??r.i/
adj. 呼吸的，與呼吸有關(guān)的
相關(guān)詞匯：respire（v. 呼吸）
英文釋義：to breathe
搭配短語(yǔ)：the respiratory system
urge
/??d?/
v. 極力勸說(shuō)，催促
搭配短語(yǔ)：to urge sb. to do sth.
搭配短語(yǔ)：to urge sb. to take action
heed
/hi?d/
v. 聽從
英文釋義：to listen to and follow
搭配短語(yǔ)：to heed the warnings
couple
/?k?p.?l/
v. 疊加，組合
詞性拓展：couple（n. 情侶；一對(duì)兒，一雙）
近義詞：combine（v. 結(jié)合）
stringent
/?str?n.d??nt/
adj.（法律等）嚴(yán)格的
近義詞：strict（adj. 嚴(yán)格的）
詞義辨析：stringent, strict
兩者的區(qū)別在于 stringent 通常要比 strict 的程度更嚴(yán)重。
搭配短語(yǔ)：stringent safety regulations
enforce
/?n?f??rs/
v. 強(qiáng)制實(shí)施（法律等）
搭配短語(yǔ)：to enforce a law, policy, etc.
summon
/?s?m.?n/
v.（權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)）召喚，叫來(lái)；傳喚……出庭
overburden
/?o?.v??b??.d?n/
v. 使負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重
相關(guān)詞匯：burden（n. 重?fù)?dān)）
詞根詞綴：over-（過(guò)頭）
搭配短語(yǔ)：to be overburdened with work
step in
介入，插手
相關(guān)詞匯：step（v. 跨步，邁步）
clout
/kla?t/
n. 權(quán)勢(shì)，影響力；（拳頭的）猛擊
英文釋義：a blow with the fist
近義詞：influence, power
catalyst
/?k?t?.?l.?st/
n. 事物發(fā)展的促進(jìn)因素；催化劑
comply
/k?m?pla?/
v. 服從，遵守
近義詞：obey（v. 服從，遵守）
搭配短語(yǔ)：comply with sth.
近義詞：abide（v. 遵守）
搭配短語(yǔ)：to abide by the law
struggle
/?str?ɡ.?l/
v. 吃力地（做某事）；奮斗，努力
搭配短語(yǔ)：struggle to get through the crowd
normality
/n??r?m?l.?.t?i/
n. 常態(tài)
英文釋義：the state of being normal
infection
/?n?fek.??n/
n. 感染；傳染
相關(guān)詞匯：infect（v. 讓某人感染（疾?。?/p>
搭配短語(yǔ)：sb. be infected with…
look to
關(guān)注，研究；凝望，注視看向……
英文釋義：to direct one's gaze at sth.
加
