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本文通過一個(gè)例子實(shí)驗(yàn)來觀察并講解PyTorch中model.modules(), model.named_modules(), model.children(), model.named_children(), model.parameters(), model.named_parameters(), model.state_dict()這些model實(shí)例方法的返回值。例子如下：

import torch 
import torch.nn as nn 

class Net(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, num_class=10):
        super().__init__()
        self.features = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=6, kernel_size=3),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(6),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels=6, out_channels=9, kernel_size=3),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(9),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)
        )

        self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(9*8*8, 128),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Dropout(),
            nn.Linear(128, num_class)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        output = self.features(x)
        output = output.view(output.size()[0], -1)
        output = self.classifier(output)
    
        return output

model = Net()

如上代碼定義了一個(gè)由兩層卷積層，兩層全連接層組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型。值得注意的是，這個(gè)Net由外到內(nèi)有3個(gè)層次：

Net:

----features:

------------Conv2d
------------BatchNorm2d
------------ReLU
------------MaxPool2d
------------Conv2d
------------BatchNorm2d
------------ReLU
------------MaxPool2d

----classifier:

------------Linear
------------ReLU
------------Dropout
------------Linear

網(wǎng)絡(luò)Net本身是一個(gè)nn.Module的子類，它又包含了features和classifier兩個(gè)由Sequential容器組成的nn.Module子類，features和classifier各自又包含眾多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)層，它們都屬于nn.Module子類，所以從外到內(nèi)共有3個(gè)層次。
下面我們來看這幾個(gè)實(shí)例方法的返回值都是什么。

In [7]: model.named_modules()                                                                                                       
Out[7]: <generator object Module.named_modules at 0x7f5db88f3840>

In [8]: model.modules()                                                         
Out[8]: <generator object Module.modules at 0x7f5db3f53c00>

In [9]: model.children()                                                        
Out[9]: <generator object Module.children at 0x7f5db3f53408>

In [10]: model.named_children()                                                 
Out[10]: <generator object Module.named_children at 0x7f5db80305e8>

In [11]: model.parameters()                                                     
Out[11]: <generator object Module.parameters at 0x7f5db3f534f8>

In [12]: model.named_parameters()                                               
Out[12]: <generator object Module.named_parameters at 0x7f5d42da7570>

In [13]: model.state_dict()                                                     
Out[13]: 
OrderedDict([('features.0.weight', tensor([[[[ 0.1200, -0.1627, -0.0841],
                        [-0.1369, -0.1525,  0.0541],
                        [ 0.1203,  0.0564,  0.0908]],
                      ……

可以看出，除了model.state_dict()返回的是一個(gè)字典，其他幾個(gè)方法返回值都顯示的是一個(gè)生成器，是一個(gè)可迭代變量，我們通過列表推導(dǎo)式用for循環(huán)將返回值取出來進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行觀察：

In [14]: model_modules = [x for x in model.modules()]                                                                                

In [15]: model_named_modules = [x for x in model.named_modules()]        

In [16]: model_children = [x for x in model.children()]                                                                              

In [17]: model_named_children = [x for x in model.named_children()]                                                                  

In [18]: model_parameters = [x for x in model.parameters()]                                                                          

In [19]: model_named_parameters = [x for x in model.named_parameters()]

1. model.modules()

model.modules()迭代遍歷模型的所有子層，所有子層即指nn.Module子類，在本文的例子中，Net(), features(), classifier(),以及nn.xxx構(gòu)成的卷積，池化，ReLU, Linear, BN, Dropout等都是nn.Module子類，也就是model.modules()會迭代的遍歷它們所有對象。我們看一下列表model_modules:

In [20]: model_modules                                                                                                               
Out[20]: 
[Net(
   (features): Sequential(
     (0): Conv2d(3, 6, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
     (1): BatchNorm2d(6, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
     (2): ReLU(inplace)
     (3): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
     (4): Conv2d(6, 9, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
     (5): BatchNorm2d(9, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
     (6): ReLU(inplace)
     (7): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
   )
   (classifier): Sequential(
     (0): Linear(in_features=576, out_features=128, bias=True)
     (1): ReLU(inplace)
     (2): Dropout(p=0.5)
     (3): Linear(in_features=128, out_features=10, bias=True)
   )
 ), 
Sequential(
   (0): Conv2d(3, 6, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
   (1): BatchNorm2d(6, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
   (2): ReLU(inplace)
   (3): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
   (4): Conv2d(6, 9, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
   (5): BatchNorm2d(9, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
   (6): ReLU(inplace)
   (7): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
 ), 
Conv2d(3, 6, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1)), 
BatchNorm2d(6, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True), 
ReLU(inplace), 
MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False), 
Conv2d(6, 9, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1)), 
BatchNorm2d(9, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True), 
ReLU(inplace), 
MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False), 
Sequential(
   (0): Linear(in_features=576, out_features=128, bias=True)
   (1): ReLU(inplace)
   (2): Dropout(p=0.5)
   (3): Linear(in_features=128, out_features=10, bias=True)
 ), 
Linear(in_features=576, out_features=128, bias=True), 
ReLU(inplace), 
Dropout(p=0.5), 
Linear(in_features=128, out_features=10, bias=True)]

In [21]: len(model_modules)                                                                                                          
Out[21]: 15

可以看出，model_modules列表中共有15個(gè)元素，首先是整個(gè)Net，然后遍歷了Net下的features子層，進(jìn)一步遍歷了feature下的所有層，然后又遍歷了classifier子層以及其下的所有層。所以說model.modules()能夠迭代地遍歷模型的所有子層。

2. model.named_modules()

顧名思義，它就是有名字的model.modules()。model.named_modules()不但返回模型的所有子層，還會返回這些層的名字：

In [28]: len(model_named_modules)                                                                                                    
Out[28]: 15

In [29]: model_named_modules                                                                                                         
Out[29]: 
[('', Net(
    (features): Sequential(
      (0): Conv2d(3, 6, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
      (1): BatchNorm2d(6, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (2): ReLU(inplace)
      (3): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
      (4): Conv2d(6, 9, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
      (5): BatchNorm2d(9, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (6): ReLU(inplace)
      (7): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
    )
    (classifier): Sequential(
      (0): Linear(in_features=576, out_features=128, bias=True)
      (1): ReLU(inplace)
      (2): Dropout(p=0.5)
      (3): Linear(in_features=128, out_features=10, bias=True)
    )
  )), 
('features', Sequential(
    (0): Conv2d(3, 6, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
    (1): BatchNorm2d(6, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (2): ReLU(inplace)
    (3): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
    (4): Conv2d(6, 9, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
    (5): BatchNorm2d(9, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (6): ReLU(inplace)
    (7): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
  )), 
('features.0', Conv2d(3, 6, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))), 
('features.1', BatchNorm2d(6, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)), ('features.2', ReLU(inplace)), 
('features.3', MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)), 
('features.4', Conv2d(6, 9, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))), 
('features.5', BatchNorm2d(9, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)), ('features.6', ReLU(inplace)), 
('features.7', MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)), 
('classifier',
  Sequential(
    (0): Linear(in_features=576, out_features=128, bias=True)
    (1): ReLU(inplace)
    (2): Dropout(p=0.5)
    (3): Linear(in_features=128, out_features=10, bias=True)
  )), 
('classifier.0', Linear(in_features=576, out_features=128, bias=True)), 
('classifier.1', ReLU(inplace)), 
('classifier.2', Dropout(p=0.5)), 
('classifier.3', Linear(in_features=128, out_features=10, bias=True))]

可以看出，model.named_modules()也遍歷了15個(gè)元素，但每個(gè)元素都有了自己的名字，從名字可以看出，除了在模型定義時(shí)有命名的features和classifier，其它層的名字都是PyTorch內(nèi)部按一定規(guī)則自動命名的。返回層以及層的名字的好處是可以按名字通過迭代的方法修改特定的層，如果在模型定義的時(shí)候就給每個(gè)層起了名字，比如卷積層都是conv1,conv2...的形式，那么我們可以這樣處理：

for name, layer in model.named_modules():
    if 'conv' in name:
        對layer進(jìn)行處理

當(dāng)然，在沒有返回名字的情形中，采用isinstance()函數(shù)也可以完成上述操作：

for layer in model.modules():
    if isinstance(layer, nn.Conv2d):
        對layer進(jìn)行處理

3. model.children()

如果把這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型Net按層次從外到內(nèi)進(jìn)行劃分的話，features和classifier是Net的子層，而conv2d, ReLU, BatchNorm, Maxpool2d這些有時(shí)features的子層， Linear, Dropout, ReLU等是classifier的子層，上面的model.modules()不但會遍歷模型的子層，還會遍歷子層的子層，以及所有子層。
而model.children()只會遍歷模型的子層，這里即是features和classifier。

In [22]: len(model_children)                                                                                                         
Out[22]: 2

In [22]: model_children                                                                                                              
Out[22]: 
[Sequential(
   (0): Conv2d(3, 6, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
   (1): BatchNorm2d(6, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
   (2): ReLU(inplace)
   (3): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
   (4): Conv2d(6, 9, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
   (5): BatchNorm2d(9, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
   (6): ReLU(inplace)
   (7): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
 ), 
Sequential(
   (0): Linear(in_features=576, out_features=128, bias=True)
   (1): ReLU(inplace)
   (2): Dropout(p=0.5)
   (3): Linear(in_features=128, out_features=10, bias=True)
 )]

可以看出，它只遍歷了兩個(gè)元素，即features和classifier。

4. model.named_children()

model.named_children()就是帶名字的model.children(), 相比model.children()， model.named_children()不但迭代的遍歷模型的子層，還會返回子層的名字：

In [23]: len(model_named_children)                                                                                                   
Out[23]: 2

In [24]: model_named_children                                                                                                        
Out[24]: 
[('features', Sequential(
    (0): Conv2d(3, 6, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
    (1): BatchNorm2d(6, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (2): ReLU(inplace)
    (3): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
    (4): Conv2d(6, 9, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
    (5): BatchNorm2d(9, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (6): ReLU(inplace)
    (7): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
  )), 
('classifier', Sequential(
    (0): Linear(in_features=576, out_features=128, bias=True)
    (1): ReLU(inplace)
    (2): Dropout(p=0.5)
    (3): Linear(in_features=128, out_features=10, bias=True)
  ))]

對比上面的model.children(), 這里的model.named_children()還返回了兩個(gè)子層的名稱：features 和 classifier .

5. model.parameters()

迭代地返回模型的所有參數(shù)。

In [30]: len(model_parameters)                                                                                                       
Out[30]: 12

In [31]: model_parameters                                                                                                            
Out[31]: 
[Parameter containing:
 tensor([[[[ 0.1200, -0.1627, -0.0841],
           [-0.1369, -0.1525,  0.0541],
           [ 0.1203,  0.0564,  0.0908]],
           ……
          [[-0.1587,  0.0735, -0.0066],
           [ 0.0210,  0.0257, -0.0838],
           [-0.1797,  0.0675,  0.1282]]]], requires_grad=True),
 Parameter containing:
 tensor([-0.1251,  0.1673,  0.1241, -0.1876,  0.0683,  0.0346],
        requires_grad=True),
 Parameter containing:
 tensor([0.0072, 0.0272, 0.8620, 0.0633, 0.9411, 0.2971], requires_grad=True),
 Parameter containing:
 tensor([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.], requires_grad=True),
 Parameter containing:
 tensor([[[[ 0.0632, -0.1078, -0.0800],
           [-0.0488,  0.0167,  0.0473],
           [-0.0743,  0.0469, -0.1214]],
           …… 
          [[-0.1067, -0.0851,  0.0498],
           [-0.0695,  0.0380, -0.0289],
           [-0.0700,  0.0969, -0.0557]]]], requires_grad=True),
 Parameter containing:
 tensor([-0.0608,  0.0154,  0.0231,  0.0886, -0.0577,  0.0658, -0.1135, -0.0221,
          0.0991], requires_grad=True),
 Parameter containing:
 tensor([0.2514, 0.1924, 0.9139, 0.8075, 0.6851, 0.4522, 0.5963, 0.8135, 0.4010],
        requires_grad=True),
 Parameter containing:
 tensor([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.], requires_grad=True),
 Parameter containing:
 tensor([[ 0.0223,  0.0079, -0.0332,  ..., -0.0394,  0.0291,  0.0068],
         [ 0.0037, -0.0079,  0.0011,  ..., -0.0277, -0.0273,  0.0009],
         [ 0.0150, -0.0110,  0.0319,  ..., -0.0110, -0.0072, -0.0333],
         ...,
         [-0.0274, -0.0296, -0.0156,  ...,  0.0359, -0.0303, -0.0114],
         [ 0.0222,  0.0243, -0.0115,  ...,  0.0369, -0.0347,  0.0291],
         [ 0.0045,  0.0156,  0.0281,  ..., -0.0348, -0.0370, -0.0152]],
        requires_grad=True),
 Parameter containing:
 tensor([ 0.0072, -0.0399, -0.0138,  0.0062, -0.0099, -0.0006, -0.0142, -0.0337,
          ……
         -0.0370, -0.0121, -0.0348, -0.0200, -0.0285,  0.0367,  0.0050, -0.0166],
        requires_grad=True),
 Parameter containing:
 tensor([[-0.0130,  0.0301,  0.0721,  ..., -0.0634,  0.0325, -0.0830],
         [-0.0086, -0.0374, -0.0281,  ..., -0.0543,  0.0105,  0.0822],
         [-0.0305,  0.0047, -0.0090,  ...,  0.0370, -0.0187,  0.0824],
         ...,
         [ 0.0529, -0.0236,  0.0219,  ...,  0.0250,  0.0620, -0.0446],
         [ 0.0077, -0.0576,  0.0600,  ..., -0.0412, -0.0290,  0.0103],
         [ 0.0375, -0.0147,  0.0622,  ...,  0.0350,  0.0179,  0.0667]],
        requires_grad=True),
 Parameter containing:
 tensor([-0.0709, -0.0675, -0.0492,  0.0694,  0.0390, -0.0861, -0.0427, -0.0638,
         -0.0123,  0.0845], requires_grad=True)]

6. model.named_parameters()

如果你是從前面看過來的，就會知道，這里就是迭代的返回帶有名字的參數(shù)，會給每個(gè)參數(shù)加上帶有 .weight或 .bias的名字以區(qū)分權(quán)重和偏置：

In [32]: len(model_named_parameters)                                                                                                 
Out[32]: 12

In [33]: model_named_parameters                                                                                                      
Out[33]: 
[('features.0.weight', Parameter containing:
  tensor([[[[ 0.1200, -0.1627, -0.0841],
            [-0.1369, -0.1525,  0.0541],
            [ 0.1203,  0.0564,  0.0908]],
           ……
           [[-0.1587,  0.0735, -0.0066],
            [ 0.0210,  0.0257, -0.0838],
            [-0.1797,  0.0675,  0.1282]]]], requires_grad=True)),
 ('features.0.bias', Parameter containing:
  tensor([-0.1251,  0.1673,  0.1241, -0.1876,  0.0683,  0.0346],
         requires_grad=True)),
 ('features.1.weight', Parameter containing:
  tensor([0.0072, 0.0272, 0.8620, 0.0633, 0.9411, 0.2971], requires_grad=True)),
 ('features.1.bias', Parameter containing:
  tensor([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.], requires_grad=True)),
 ('features.4.weight', Parameter containing:
  tensor([[[[ 0.0632, -0.1078, -0.0800],
            [-0.0488,  0.0167,  0.0473],
            [-0.0743,  0.0469, -0.1214]],
           ……
           [[-0.1067, -0.0851,  0.0498],
            [-0.0695,  0.0380, -0.0289],
            [-0.0700,  0.0969, -0.0557]]]], requires_grad=True)),
 ('features.4.bias', Parameter containing:
  tensor([-0.0608,  0.0154,  0.0231,  0.0886, -0.0577,  0.0658, -0.1135, -0.0221,
           0.0991], requires_grad=True)),
 ('features.5.weight', Parameter containing:
  tensor([0.2514, 0.1924, 0.9139, 0.8075, 0.6851, 0.4522, 0.5963, 0.8135, 0.4010],
         requires_grad=True)),
 ('features.5.bias', Parameter containing:
  tensor([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.], requires_grad=True)),
 ('classifier.0.weight', Parameter containing:
  tensor([[ 0.0223,  0.0079, -0.0332,  ..., -0.0394,  0.0291,  0.0068],
          ……
          [ 0.0045,  0.0156,  0.0281,  ..., -0.0348, -0.0370, -0.0152]],
         requires_grad=True)),
 ('classifier.0.bias', Parameter containing:
  tensor([ 0.0072, -0.0399, -0.0138,  0.0062, -0.0099, -0.0006, -0.0142, -0.0337,
           ……
          -0.0370, -0.0121, -0.0348, -0.0200, -0.0285,  0.0367,  0.0050, -0.0166],
         requires_grad=True)),
 ('classifier.3.weight', Parameter containing:
  tensor([[-0.0130,  0.0301,  0.0721,  ..., -0.0634,  0.0325, -0.0830],
          [-0.0086, -0.0374, -0.0281,  ..., -0.0543,  0.0105,  0.0822],
          [-0.0305,  0.0047, -0.0090,  ...,  0.0370, -0.0187,  0.0824],
          ...,
          [ 0.0529, -0.0236,  0.0219,  ...,  0.0250,  0.0620, -0.0446],
          [ 0.0077, -0.0576,  0.0600,  ..., -0.0412, -0.0290,  0.0103],
          [ 0.0375, -0.0147,  0.0622,  ...,  0.0350,  0.0179,  0.0667]],
         requires_grad=True)),
 ('classifier.3.bias', Parameter containing:
  tensor([-0.0709, -0.0675, -0.0492,  0.0694,  0.0390, -0.0861, -0.0427, -0.0638,
          -0.0123,  0.0845], requires_grad=True))]

7. model.state_dict()

model.state_dict()直接返回模型的字典，和前面幾個(gè)方法不同的是這里不需要迭代，它本身就是一個(gè)字典，可以直接通過修改state_dict來修改模型各層的參數(shù)，用于參數(shù)剪枝特別方便。詳細(xì)的state_dict方法，在我的這篇文章中有介紹：PyTorch模型保存深入理解

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PyTorch中的model.modules(), model.children(), model.named_children(), model.parameters(), model.nam...

PyTorch中的model.modules(), model.children(), model.named_children(), model.parameters(), model.nam...

1. model.modules()

2. model.named_modules()

3. model.children()

4. model.named_children()

5. model.parameters()

6. model.named_parameters()

7. model.state_dict()

友情鏈接更多精彩內(nèi)容

色偷偷精品伊人,欧洲久久精品,欧美综合婷婷骚逼,国产AV主播,国产最新探花在线,九色在线视频一区,伊人大交九 欧美,1769亚洲,黄色成人av

PyTorch中的model.modules(), model.children(), model.named_children(), model.parameters(), model.nam...

1. model.modules()

2. model.named_modules()

3. model.children()

4. model.named_children()

5. model.parameters()

6. model.named_parameters()

7. model.state_dict()

友情鏈接更多精彩內(nèi)容

色偷偷精品伊人,欧洲久久精品,欧美综合婷婷骚逼,国产AV主播,国产最新探花在线,九色在线视频一区,伊人大交九欧美,1769亚洲,黄色成人av