Lesson 55??? Notagold mine
【New words and expressions】(19)
★gold n. 金子
gold watch；gold ring；golden sun? 金色的太陽
golden? adj.金色的, 寶貴的Silenceis golden.?????
goldenopportunity?? 寶貴的機會
golden sentence??? 黃金句型
I am glad to havethe golden opportunity to do sth.
goldfish???? n.金魚platinum?? n.白金, 鉑
★treasure???? n.財寶 (為總稱, 沒有復(fù)數(shù))
‘treasureisland’? 《金銀島》
jewel n. 寶石 珠寶, (可數(shù)) diamond? n.鉆石
jewelry?? n.珠寶, 珠寶類 珠寶(總稱, 不可數(shù))
I have some jewels.= I have some jewelry.
jade? n.碧玉 (不可數(shù)名詞)jadepalace? 翠宮飯店
★revealer?? n.探測器reveal?? v.揭示
★invent???? v.發(fā)明invention???? n.發(fā)明
★detect??? v.探測detective??? n.偵探
★pirate? n.海盜, 盜印者, 盜版者, 侵犯專利權(quán)者
vt. 盜印, 盜版, 掠奪, 翻印 vi.做海盜
★arm? ① n. 手臂；武器holdone's arm
Farewell! Arms?? 永別了, 武器??
farewell int. 再會,別了!(永別或不容易再見面的意思) ② v. 武裝be armedwith …?? 用……來武裝
be coveredwith??? 被……覆蓋
★soil? 土壤 (能生長植物的地方)
earth?? n.泥土 (泥巴)
★entrance??? n.入口
entrance of/to… ……的入口exit? n.出口, 太平門, 退場, 去世；vi. 退出, 脫離, 去世
★thoroughly??? adv.徹底地
completely/thoroughly/totally
★confident?? n.有信心的confidence???? n.信心
be confident ofdoing sth.????? 有信心做……
be confident that +從句??????有信心做……
【課文講解】
1、Dreams of
finding lost treasure almost came true recently.★dream?? n.夢；v. 做夢① n. 夢想
dreams come true???? 夢想成真
dreams ended????? 夢想破滅了, 夢斷了
dream of …?? ????……的夢
② v. 做夢dream ofdoing sth.
come true?? 變成現(xiàn)實，(預(yù)言、期望等)成為事實，
?2、A new machine called 'The Revealer' has beeninvented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in theground.
一句話中只有一個動詞, 如果再出現(xiàn)動詞, 可以用and并列連接, 也可以變成復(fù)合句, 用when, because連接, 還可以使這個動詞表示動詞意思, 但不做謂語, 即非謂語動詞
過去分詞做定語, 表示 “被”，如ploughed field
n. +called???? ?被稱之為……的……(如果用短語修飾其他詞, 則把短語放在被修飾詞的后邊)
be used to do sth. 被用來……used todo? 過去常常
同位語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞只有一個that，不會用which
in the ground (更習(xí)慣于用“underthe ground” )
3、The machinewas used in a cave near the seashore where -- it is said -- pirates used tohide gold.
it is said是插入語，當“據(jù)說”講。
4、The pirateswould often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.
would表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作, 但此處表示 “used to” 過去常做
fail to dosth.?? 未能、不能、忘記做某事項 (fail后面接動詞不定式表示否定)
collect的含義之一為“(去)取，接”
?5、Armed with the new machine, a search partywent into the cave hoping to find buried treasure.
如果幾個句子的主語是同一事物, 則可以把幾個句子合并為一個句子。保留一個句子做主句, 其他的變成非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞采用何種形式, 則根據(jù)其與主語的關(guān)系, 如果是主動關(guān)系, 用-ing, 被動關(guān)系, 則用動詞的-ed形式.主句與其他句子的位置安排要保持句子的平衡, 還要注意動作的連貫
The boy went home.The boy was crying. The boy was beaten.=Beaten by sb, the boy went home,crying.
arm(ed) with 可以表示“帶著、裝著、穿著”等
?6、Very excited, the party dug a hole two feeldeep.
Very exciting,…??? 形容詞短語做狀語
Tired, I went
home./ I went home tired.句子順序不同, 表達的意思也不同
two feet deep“數(shù)詞+量詞+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以做定語； 也可以做表語
long/wide/high/deep，人有多高用“tall”
7、In spite ofthis, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something ofvalue fairly soon.
in spite of /though / even if????? 盡管
something ofvalue??
of表示其所修飾的名詞具有某種性質(zhì)、狀況，of加名詞往往讓人聯(lián)想這名詞對應(yīng)的形容詞
The news is ofgreat importance to us.
of value＝valuable???? 有價值的
of small value? 價值很小(= almost worthless)
形容詞要放在不定代詞的后邊
something important=something of importance
someone patient=someone of patience
【Key structures】
表示過去習(xí)慣性動作
當我們提到過去某一特定時間時, 我們有時可用would來代替used
to，有時則不可以，而且would需要指出具體時間，used
to則不需要。
當used to暗示與現(xiàn)在的對照時，不可用would替換： I used to drink heavily, but I have
given up drinking now./當used to描寫過去的狀態(tài)時，也不可與would互換，would只表示過去特有的習(xí)慣或行為：
當used to不強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的對比時，可與would互換。但一個故事開頭時不用would，必須首先用一般過去時或used to描述背景，然后用would表示習(xí)慣性動作：
【Special difficulties】
use, be used to,used to
use??? vt.用，使用，運用，應(yīng)用
be used to??? 習(xí)慣于(后面跟名詞或動名詞，be也可用get等代替) used to? 過去習(xí)慣……(表示過去有而現(xiàn)在通常已不存在的習(xí)慣，只用于一般過去時，后面只能跟動詞不定式)
?Gold and Golden
Glod ① n. 金，黃金，金幣，金塊
? ② adj. 金的All that
glitters is not gold. (all…is not…不是所有的，部分否定not all)
golden? adj.金色的，(機會等)非常好的，興盛的
【Multiple choice questions】
4 Pirates used tohide gold there. ___d___.
a. and they alwaysdo???? b.and they still do
c. and they stilldo sometimes d.that's what they would do??That’s what??? 那就是……事
題目 “Pirates used
to hide gold there, .....” 應(yīng)該用句號, 而不應(yīng)該用逗號
兩個句子中間必須加“and 或but” 等連詞, 或是用句號隔開。一句話當中只有一個主語, 一個動詞, 叫簡單句，出現(xiàn)兩個以上的動詞要用連詞連接。兩個句子可以是主從句，可以把一個動詞用為動詞, 而把其他的動詞改裝為非謂語動詞
8‘The Revealer’is avery good ___a___.
a.machine?? b.engine??c.machinery? ??? d.mechanic
machine n. 機器(可數(shù)名詞)engine?? n.發(fā)動機
machinery n. [總稱] 機器, 機械 機器(總稱, 一般后邊不會加s, 前面也不加a)mechanic n. 技工, 機修工, 機械士revealer???? n.探測器
?
Lesson 56??? Faster than sound!
【New words and expressions】(11)
★sound??? n.聲音
① n. 聲音 任何聲音都可以
voice人的聲音noise? 和周圍不和諧的聲音, 躁音
② v. 聽起來
③ adj. 合理的(等于reasonable? adj.合理的, 有道理的, 通情達理的, 講道理的)
soundly?? adj.香甜的sleep soundly
★excitement???? n.激動, 興奮
to one's excitement…???? 令某人激動的是……
The most exciting
thing is that 最令人激動的是……
The most surprisingthing about it is that??? 最令人驚訝的事情是It
excited me that 讓我激動的是……
★handsome??? adj.漂亮的, 美觀的形容男孩, 英俊, 一般與男孩子連.handsome與人連用有陽剛的美，與物相連表示美觀大方，并表示制作精良；handsome跟女性連用的時候就表示這個女孩子有陽剛氣，類似女俠的概念beautiful形容人的時候表示內(nèi)在和外在美的統(tǒng)一, 完美的概念
pretty?? adj.美麗(用于女孩或小孩)，有柔美的意思pretty跟男性連用就表示沒有陽剛氣，女性化
nice?? adj.美好的(人，天氣, 食物, 物品的品質(zhì)等)
lovely?? adj.可愛的good-looking? adj.很好看的
smart? adj.小巧而美麗的(物)或時髦而美麗的(人)
?cute??adj.漂亮, 常用來形容小孩
★explosion????? n.爆炸, 轟響
explosive n. 爆炸物,炸藥；adj. 爆炸(性)的, 爆發(fā)(性)的, 暴露explode vt. 使爆炸；vi.爆炸, 爆發(fā), 破除, 推翻, 激發(fā)bomb?? n.炸彈；vt. 投彈于, 轟炸
★course? ① n. 跑道，行程
on the course 按照軌道運行offcourse?? 偏離軌道
of course?? 當然② n. 課程
★rival??? n.對手competition?? n.競爭, 競賽
The person whotakes part in the competition.
competitor? n.競爭者, 對手
opposite n. 相反的事物；adj. 相對的, 對面的, 對立的, 相反的, 對等的, 對應(yīng)的
opponent n. 對手, 反對者(持反對意見的人, 如辯論賽上的和政治上的) enemy??? n.敵人
rival??? adj.勢均力敵的；n. 勢均力敵的對手
★speed(sped，sped) ① v. 疾駛，急行
The two men spedout of the room.
② n. 速度at thespeed of??? 以……的速度
在車后的3 speed/4
speed表示檔位
speed up?? 速度的增加, 加速；slowdown?? 減速
blow up?? 風力的增加
★downhill??? adv.下坡
downstairs? 下樓；upstairs?上樓
go down stairs/godownhill??? 下山
downtown??? n.&adj.&adv.市中心的商業(yè)區(qū)(反意詞uptown 遠離商業(yè)區(qū))
【課文講解】
1、Once a year,a race is held for old cars.
=Old car race isheld once a year.
once +表示時間的名詞??? 每……一次
? be held for??比賽為……而舉行
2、A lot ofcars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitementjust before it began.
enter for?? 報名參加
a great deal of +不可數(shù)名詞??? 大量的……
a great number of/a
great many +可數(shù)名詞 許多……
a large amount of +不可數(shù)名詞
just before =just 起強調(diào)作用
3、One of themost handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost.
one of 直接作主語的時候, 它是做單數(shù)看待的.如果在定語從句中出現(xiàn)了one of作為先行詞，它后邊的關(guān)系代詞指代的是后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞；如果在one of前面還有一修飾詞only，那么后邊的關(guān)系代詞將指代one這個詞，才作單數(shù)看
4、Many of thecars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their carsthan in them! many cars? 許多車子；many of the cars??? 車子當中的許多
break down? 車子拋錨，(機械等)出故障，出毛病
? under the car指在車下面修理；in the car指正常駕駛。句中的under和in都是斜體，英文中的斜體字起強調(diào)作用
5、The winningcar reached a speed of forty miles an hour -- much faster than any of itsrivals.
the wining car? ??獲勝車
a speed of +數(shù)量詞??? 速度為……
much faster?? 快得多；a little faster?? 快一點
any of its rivals＝anyrival??? 任何一個
any 在比較級中一旦出現(xiàn), 它往往要加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)Beijing is bigger than any other city.?? (注意 “other” 不能丟)如果是不定代詞, 可以說someone
else, anyone else；如果不是不定代詞, 要在名詞前加other.
6、It speddownhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying tostop it.
at the end of…??? 在……的末尾/最后部分
have trouble (in)doing sth.?? 干……有麻煩，做……很困難(trouble既可數(shù)又不可數(shù))
7、The racegave everyone a great deal of pleasure.
give sb.+n.?? 給某人……
give sb. pleasure
It will give sb. agreat deal of pleasure.
=There was a greatdeal of excitement.
give sb a fright /
a surprise 嚇了一跳/給某人驚喜
8、It was verydifferent from modern car races but no less exciting. be different from?????? 和……不同
no more和no less都表示“和……一樣”, 相當于only, the same? no lessexciting?? 一樣的激動
no more thanyou??? 和你一樣
表示“和……不相同”用not more=
more；not less= less?not less exciting????? 更令人激動
【Letter writing】
常用開頭語：
? I am sorry it has taken me so long to write,but…
?I was glad to hear from you at last and tolearn that…
【Key structures】
比較關(guān)系的句型
as…as? 和……一樣the same (…) as 與……相同/同樣.有時the same可以單獨使用：
? My mother is much younger than yours.
? She isn’t! They’re about the same age.
? Those two dress are the same.
not so…as / notas…as??? 不如……
different from??? 與……不同(different前面可加very，much，a little等修飾語)
litte和few在口語中多用not much，not many代替：
? There isn’t much sugar/aren’t many sweets,but you can have a little/few.
much和many通常用于否定句和疑問句(正式文體除外)。在日常談話中，通常避免在肯定句中使用much和many，而用別的數(shù)量詞?？谡Z中用得最多的表示“許多”的數(shù)量詞是a lot of，它既可以與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用也可以與不可數(shù)名詞連用，后面的動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于名詞。比a lot of正式一些的表達方式有：a great/good deal of+不可數(shù)名詞，a great/good/large number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，a
great/good many of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
在what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中不用much/many：
? What a lot of sweets Tom’s bought!
I am lesslucky.?? 我還不如他們幸運.
more exciting 更激動= notless exciting.
【Special difficulties】
Handsome,Beautiful, Pretty, Good-looking
handsome? adj.漂亮的，英俊的，一般用來形容男子，也可以指東西的制作精良beautiful? 美麗的，給人美感的，令人愉悅的，完美的，強調(diào)內(nèi)在和外在的結(jié)合，用來形容女子、孩童、花草、服飾等，一般不用來形容男子的長相pretty漂亮的，可愛的，令人憐愛的，強調(diào)女孩和小孩的外表美麗good-looking好看的標致的，美貌的，男女均適用
Reach and Arrivein/at
reach??? vt.到達，達到(適用的范圍比較廣，不僅僅限于地點)When you reach my age, you’ll be able to understand it.
? arrive???vi.到達，抵達
【Multiple choice questions】
4? ___c___in1885, so it was the oldest car in the race.a. It built? b. Built?c. It was built? d. Having built一個簡單句只有一個主語+一個動詞, 如果出現(xiàn)了兩個動詞, 那么用“and,but,so” 等連接；變成帶有從句和主句的復(fù)合句；留一個作主干, 剩下的動詞變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞；有介詞短語替代動詞概念, 如: the boy in black
5? It was the
oldest car taking part. There wasn't ___a___one. not +比較級 =最高級
a. an older? ?? b.the oldest? c. an elder? d. the eldest
elder 意為 “年長的”，一般作定語用，不用作比較
6? It reacheda speed of forty miles an hour. It ___c___ forty miles an hour.
a. ran? ??? b.ran with? ?? c. went at? d. drove with
用于 “速度” 的介詞只有“at”
12? It wentfaster than any of its rivals. It went faster than its ___c___.
a. opponents?? ?b.enemies? c. competitors?d. partners
opponent兩個持相反觀點的對手
partner伙伴, 搭檔(合作關(guān)系的伙伴)
從下玩到大的伙伴用 :
friend 或company
?
Lesson 57??? Can I help you,madam?
【New words and expressions】(8)
★madam???? n. (對婦女的尊稱)太太; 夫人
ma’am?? n. <口>夫人, 太太, 女士, 小姐= madam
★jeans???? n.牛仔褲
trousers?? n.褲子, 長褲pants?? n.褲子, 短褲
★hesitate?? v.猶豫, 遲疑hesitation
n. 猶豫, 躊躇
hesitate to dosth.?? 猶豫做……
make up one's mind??? 下決心做……
withouthesitation?? 毫不猶豫
★serve??? v.接待(顧客)
① vt.&vi. 幫傭，當仆人，給……干活
serve sb.?? 為某人而服務(wù)Mary served (in) the family as a cookfor more than ten years.
②vt.&vi. 服務(wù)；服役；供職
She served the firmas a secretary for two years.
③ vt.&vi. 接待(顧客)
The assistant waseager to serve her this time.
service? n.服務(wù), 服務(wù)性工作, 服役, 儀式；vt. 保養(yǎng), 維修
adj.(軍隊)服現(xiàn)役的, 服務(wù)性的, 仆人的, 耐用的
At yourservice.?? 樂于為您效勞。
★scornfully??? adv.輕蔑地
look downupon/on??? 看不起，瞧不起……
★punish? v.懲罰punishment? n.懲罰
capitalpunishment??? 極刑
★fur??n.裘皮mink??? n.貂皮
★eager? adj.熱切的, 熱情的beeager to do sth.???
【課文講解】
1、A woman injeans stood at the window of an expensive shop.
do windowshopping?? (表示在櫥窗外面購物)
2、Though shehesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that wasin the window.
for a moment不一定要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用,也可以是一般現(xiàn)在時, 只要這個動詞是延續(xù)性動詞就可以
ask to do sth.??? 請求做某事
3、Theassistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.
dress sb.?? 給某人穿衣服?
I dressmyself.?? 自己給自己穿衣服(反身代詞是不能做主語的,故I am dressed.)
dress表示“穿著，打扮”時常用被動語態(tài)be dressed in?
the way 可以直接加定語從句, 不需要引導(dǎo)詞
The way she eats
annoyed me. 她吃飯的樣子讓我煩
4、Afterseeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress?? .seek out????? 找出, 找到
? He sought out the thief in the crowd.
?6、Not realizing who she was, the assistant was
eager to serve her this time. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語代替一個分句位于句首時，其否定形式是在它前面加上not，without或never等否定詞。這些詞有時可互換，有時則不可：Not/Without/Never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief.
? Not being able to open the door, I asked myneighbour for help.
eager，glad，pleased，sorry等描述感覺的形容詞作表語時往往跟不定式They are all eager to come.
【語法精粹】
2.___c__an answerfrom the committee, he was worried.
a. Having notgot? b. Getting not?
c. Not havinggot? d. Having not been got
7、With great difficulty,he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.
with great
difficulty/trouble，with在這里表示行為方式。He lifted the boxwith ease/difficulty.
8、She enjoyedherself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window beforefinally buying the dress she had first asked for.
enjoy oneself doingsth.????? 從……中得到樂趣
enjoy sth.enjoydoing sth
make sb. dosth.?? 使某人做某事
【Summary writing】
1、Though the
woman in jeans hesitated for a moment,she entered an expensive shop and asked
for/to see the dress in the shop window.第一步寫單句, though后面加一個從句, 第一個句子和第二個都做主句并列, 則though后還有第三個從句, though后面有從句是第一個和第二個并列,但還有個主句
2、On being
told by an assistant that the dress was sold,①The woman returned thefollowing morning dressed in a fur coat.
②When the woman returned ,shewas dressed in a fur coat. / the woman returned , when she was dressed in a furcoat.
by +主動語態(tài)中的主語
前后兩句的強調(diào)點不同, 本句中應(yīng)強調(diào) “return” , 故后面一句更好, 這屬于tiny mistake(微小的錯誤), 當然第一句最好, 另外應(yīng)注意句子的平衡, 也應(yīng)將“when” 放后面
4、After makingthe assistant bring…, the women finally bought the dress she had....../Thewoman finally bought what she had first asked for.
【Letter writing】
在信的開頭常的下面兩個句型：
What a surprise itwas to …
在to do sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)當中，可以在前面表達動作由誰做, 加一個“for sb.”
It is important forme to do sth.??
?What a surprise it was for you to send me flowers.
Forgive me for notwriting earlier, but? 我很抱歉我這么久沒給你寫信
I apologize. / I doapologize.? 我真的很抱歉!(do 其強調(diào)作用)Your apology is accepted.
【Key
structures】
At, In, Off andWith
在表示地點和位置時，說話人的個人角度會影響對介詞的選擇。at通常用于表示居住地點和某個停留地點、工作地點等，而in表示里面或包圍的含義：
I'll see you at thestation.??? 我將到車站送你.
On the way home, westopped at a small village.
There were a lot ofpeople in the street.??
Let's go for a walkin the park.??? off常與動詞連用，表示位置的變化，即“與……分離”，可譯為“脫掉，脫落”(相當于away from或down from的意思)等，其反義詞為on：
The lid came offeasily.??? 這個蓋子很容易掉.
The pencil rolled
off the table.鉛筆滾到桌子下去了.
描寫人時，in通常用于表示穿著，后面加衣服或顏色，with則表示身上的某個具體特征或隨身帶著、拿著什么：He looks handsomein that uniform.
That man with long
hair is supposed to be a poet. 那個留著長發(fā)的男人應(yīng)該是個詩人.
The police arelooking for a man with a scar on his face. /A child came along with a brown dog
【Special Difficulties】
Make and Let
make和let后面都跟不帶to的不定式，但意義上和用法上有區(qū)別：
make+名詞/代詞+不帶to的不定式，表示“迫使，致使”：?What made him change his mind?
在被動語態(tài)中含有上述意義的make后面必須帶to：
? He was made to work fourteen hours a day.
? let用于祈使句，建議包括說話者在內(nèi)的人采取某一行動：Let’s notwaste any more time.
其否定形式除“Let’s
not…”外也可以用“Don’t let’s…”：Don’tlet’s waste any more time.
let+名詞/代詞+不帶to的不定式，表示“允許”：
Don't let himpersuade you.??
如果賓語是us，則不能縮寫成let’s：
? Please let us have more time, will you?
let后面可以跟一個被動的、不帶to的不定式：
? He let it be known that the house was his.
但let一般不用于被動意義來表示“被允許”，這時可用allow。We were not allowed to speak.
【Multiple choice questions】
5? After___b___out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress. a. she was seekingb. she had sought? c. sought? d. when she sought? after, before后面一定要加兩種概念：句子或V+ing，after后面不能接進行時態(tài)
9? Shereturned the following day. She returned the day ___c___. a. other? ??? b.next? c. after?d. else
else放在不定代詞或疑問代詞后面,
who else，anyone else，else不跟名詞other, next都作形容詞用, 單個形容詞修飾一個名詞一定要放在被修飾詞之前, the next day，the other books.after =later可以放在結(jié)尾, 副詞表達式 three days later / three days
afterafter 與 before 相對應(yīng), 可以放在句末作副詞用I've never seen it before.
【語法精粹】
1、The ___b___news made them _____.
a.excited/exciting? b.exciting/excited?
c. exciting/to beexcited d.excited /excited
make sb. do sth.；make sth. +形容詞
Make the room warm.
4、Many of ourdreams ___d___ impossible in the past have come true.
a. wereconsidered? b. to be considered?
c. considering???? d.considered
不定式除了表示目的外，還可以表示將要發(fā)生的事(在時間上)V-ing表示動作處于現(xiàn)階段，表達主動；V-ed 表示已經(jīng)做過了，表達被動.
6、After awhole day’s heavy work,the old worker returned home,____a___
a. hungry andexhausted? ????b.hungry and exhausting
c. hungry and beingexhausted?d. huangry and exhaust
exhaust? vt.用盡, 耗盡, 抽完, 使精疲力盡；vi. 排氣n. 排氣, 排氣裝置；adj. 用不完的, 不會枯竭的
形容詞短語作狀語
?
Lesson58???? Ablessing indisguise?
【New words and expressions】(16)
★blessing?? n.福氣, 福分
bless?? v.保佑Bless my country.?? 保佑我的國家
God bless you!=Bless you!? 上帝保佑你
★disguise?? n.偽裝in disguise??穿著偽裝的
a wolf indisguise??? 披著羊皮的狼, 被偽裝的狼
a blessing indisguise? 因禍得福a curse in disguise?
(curse n. 詛咒, 咒語, 禍根, 禍因；vt. 詛咒, 咒罵, 降禍, 使受罪)
★tiny? adj.極小的tiny = very very small
★possess?? v.擁有sb. possess sth.??? 某人有某物
possession?? n.擁有, 占有, 所有, 著迷, 領(lǐng)土, 領(lǐng)地, 財產(chǎn)(常用復(fù)數(shù)), 自制
in one'spossession???? 某人有某物
★cursed?? adj.可恨的被詛咒的, 邪惡的
★increase? vt.增加add為vt；grow為vi
★plant?? v.種植 強調(diào)把東西給種下去????
plant tree???? 種樹(只是種, 活不活不管)
Tree Plantingday??? 植樹節(jié)
grow? v.生長grow sth. 種莊稼(不但種, 還要讓它生長)?
★church??? n.教堂 加the 表示地點；church不加the和功能有關(guān)go to the church? 去教堂玩I am at thechurch.?? 在教堂玩go
to church 去教堂做禮拜
I am atchurch.????? 做禮拜?
★evil???? adj.壞的= wicked adj. 邪惡的?
★reputation????? n.名聲
goodreputation? 好名聲；bad reputation?? 壞名聲
fame? n.名聲(一定是好名聲), 名望, 傳說, <古>傳聞famous? adj.著名的, 出名的, <口>極好的, 令人滿意的
★claim??? v.以……為其后果
claim = take?? 拿, 索取
claim可以表示(疾病、意外等)奪去(生命)
? The accident claimed a few lives.
★source? n.來源
resource??? n.資源(一次又一次的來源，re-又)
reread? vt.重讀, 再讀
sauce? n.沙司, 醬油, 調(diào)味料；vt. 調(diào)味, 使增加趣味(讀音與source相同)
★income???? n.收入
rent? v.租，租借，出租；n. 租金
interest??? n.興趣，關(guān)心，重要性，影響，利息，利益，利害 vt. 使發(fā)生興趣，引起……的注意
bonus? n.獎金, 紅利
DINK-丁克家族double income， no，kids
kid? n.哄騙，取笑，開玩笑，小孩，小山羊；v. 哄騙，取笑，開玩笑，欺騙
【課文講解】
1、The tiny villageof Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'.
There/名詞主語/代詞主語+be said to do sth.????? 據(jù)說…(對不太有把握的事發(fā)表看法時一種謹慎的說法)
? There is said to be a great deal of oil inAfrica.
It’s not as old as
it’s said to be.它并不像人們所說的那么古老。
it is saidthat…?? 據(jù)說……
用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞除了say之外，還有believe，know，find，fear，think等：
the tiny village of
Frinley 弗林利這個小村莊，其中介詞of表示的是同位關(guān)系：
the city ofBeijing???? 名叫北京的城市
at the age oftwenty??? 20歲時
a height of threefeet???? 三英尺的高度
2、Because thetree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has nowincreased.
mention???? vt.提到, 提及
in a newspaper????? 強調(diào)報紙里面的內(nèi)容
on thenewspaper??? 與報紙內(nèi)容無關(guān), 如你自己在報紙上記了什么東西時用“on”
a number of…＝lotsof…?? 許多……(后跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，做復(fù)數(shù)看待，從前往后翻, 強調(diào)后面的東西)the number of…?? 的數(shù)量/總數(shù)(后跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，但做單數(shù)看，從后往前翻, 強調(diào)數(shù)量)
3、The tree wasplanted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that ithas gained an evil reputation.
it is/was …(被強調(diào)部分that/who(m)+ 從句)?萬能強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)gain＝get?? 得到
4、It is saidthat if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, hewill die.
英語中分號可以斷開兩個句子
anyone??? 任何人，與 he 相對應(yīng)
If anyone wanted togo there, he will do sth.
5、The vicarhas been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused.
sb. be asked to dosth.????? 被請求做某事，sb.做事
have sth. done???? 使某事被做，叫別人完成某事
make sth. done??? 讓某事被做
Could you makeyourself known?? 你能讓別人知道你嗎?(你的自我介紹)=Could you introduce yourdself?????你能自我介紹一下嗎?
make的用法：make +賓語+賓補；make +sb.+do 讓某人做某事；make +sth.+done 讓別人做某事
so far???? 迄今為止(常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用)
6、He haspointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have beencoming from all parts of the country to see it.
point out =explain??? 指出，解釋
7、In spite ofall that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting theirnames on the tree-trunk. in spite of?? 盡管，雖然；不顧，不管
?in spite of all that… = in spite of what??? 盡管……
8、So far, notone of them has been struck down by sudden death!
not one of＝none of?? 一個人也沒有……，單數(shù)≠no one of(no one不能加of)
be struck down??? 被打倒(stike down?? 使……生重病，殺死)poverty-struck?? 窮困潦倒(poverty? n.貧窮, 貧困, 貧乏, 缺少)
【Letter writing】
常用開頭語：
? You will be glad to hear that…
? Thank you for letting me know that…
【Special difficulties】
Increase and Grow
increase?? vt. &vi.增加，增大，增長，增強
? The firm has increased his salary.
grow??? vi.增長，長，成長，生長
grow＝increase(表示數(shù)量增長)
The number isincreasing/growing.
Gain and Earn
gain vt. 獲得，得到(＝get sth.)；受益，獲益(earn無此含義)earn vt. (通過努力)獲得，得到；賺錢(gain無此含義)earn money 掙錢earn one's living? 謀生
? It has gained/earned an evil reputation.
【Multiple choice questions】
9? The numberof visitors has increased. The number has ___a__ a. grown? ? b.grown up? ? c.overgrown? d. grown old
grown up 成長(只與人連用)overgrow? 過度成長
grown old?? 變老了,不譯為 “長老了”
grow 一般作為實義動詞,后面加介詞或副詞,一旦后面加了形容詞,不再表示 “生長” 的意思,將表示 “變得” =get
10? Ithas___d___ an evil reputation.
a. won ?b.beaten??c. profited? d. earned
win v. 贏得(通過比賽或競爭) ；beat v. 打敗(后加對手) profit?? n.利潤, 益處, 得益；vi. 得益, 利用；vt. 有益于, 有利于gain = get 獲得
?
【New words and expressions】(8)
★bark??? v.狗叫The dog is barking.
sb. is barking.???? 某人在咆哮
★press??? ① vt.&vi. 按，擠，壓
She pressed my handwarmly.? 她熱情地握我的手。
② vt. 擠取，榨取(……的汁)
If you preferjuice, you can press some oranges.
③ vt. 催促，敦促，竭力勸說
My parents pressedme to enter for the competition.
I don’t like to bepressed.?? 我不喜歡被人催促。
pressure??? n.壓, 壓力, 電壓, 壓迫, 強制, 緊迫
★paw???? n.腳爪
cat's paw?? 被利用的人(由寓言而來)
★latch? latch????n.門閂(庭院，花園中的門閂)
bar??? n.門閂(與latch不同)
★expert???? n.專家
expert at/in sth. 在某一方面是專家
expert at/in doingsth.
★develop?? ① vt. &vi. 發(fā)展，擴展
The village hasdeveloped into a town now.
developingskills????? 發(fā)展技巧?
fluency in English 流利英語(fluency? n.流利, 流暢, 雄辯)developing country?? 發(fā)展中國家 ；?? developed country?? 發(fā)達國家
V-ed 強調(diào)已經(jīng)，V-ing 強調(diào)正在，有時態(tài)的區(qū)別
boiling water?? 滾開水 ；boiled water?? 開水
develop thefilm?? 沖洗膠卷
② vt. &vi.(逐漸)顯現(xiàn)出，產(chǎn)生，獲得，養(yǎng)成
She developed an
interest in swimming. 她對游泳產(chǎn)生了興趣。
★habit?? n.習(xí)慣(指個人習(xí)慣)
custom? n.風俗，習(xí)俗；customs? n.海關(guān)；customer?n.顧客
★remove v. 拆掉取下remove
sth. from 從……挪走
【課文講解】
1、Our dog,
Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and dark. front gate 前門would＝used to?? 過去常常
2、Every timehe wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate.
The dog used tobark the front gate to let(make) somebody open the door.
every time＝when???? 每當，每次，無論何時(后面可以是點時間，也可以是段時間)
the monment＝as soon as一……就……(強調(diào)瞬間)
3、As theneighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him topress his paw on the latch to let himself in. complaim of…? 抱怨……
It takes sb. sometimes to do sth.? 某事花了某人多少時間(事情做主語)
train sb. to dosth.?? 訓(xùn)練某人做某事
let sb. dosth.???? 讓某人做某事
let sb. In/ out /down讓某人進來/出去/失望
press his paw onthe latch = press the latch
press the button /press the figure on the button
4、However,when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near thegate.
going out shopping 加了out 強調(diào)外出
5、Yesterday myhusband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since.
so…that…??? 如此……以至于，結(jié)果狀語從句，可以省略一個詞，so 或 that 都可以
so that????? 以便于……，為了(目的狀語從句)
since(在句尾) = since
then : 從那時起到現(xiàn)在為止
【Special difficulties】
To，In order to，So as to，So that，In
order that表達目的幾種方式
not to可以用來表示取舍：Iwent to France not to study French, but to study chemics.
so as not to/in order
not to可以用于表示“以防”：
? 在bring，buy，need，take，use，want等動詞后經(jīng)常用賓語加to不定式，用來表示賓語的目的。
? I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.
連詞so that，in order that可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。目的狀語從句必須具備一個特征, 在動詞前面一定要出現(xiàn)情態(tài)動詞，當主句用一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在完成時或一般將來時的時候，so that和in order that后面可以跟may，can或will；當主句用一般過去時、過去進行時或過去完成時的時候，so that和in order that后面可以跟should，could，might或would。I arrivd early so that/in order that I
might not miss anything.當前后主語不一致時，不定式前面加for +名詞/代詞比that結(jié)構(gòu)更簡潔，不定式的邏輯主語for sb. to do sth.
He was barking forsomeone to let him out.
=He was barking sothat someone would let him out.
?
Lesson 60??? The future
【New words and expressions】(6)
★relation?? n.親屬
① n. (事物間的)關(guān)系，關(guān)聯(lián)(不可數(shù))
I know little about
the relation of/between time and space.② (國家、人民之間的)關(guān)系，往來(可數(shù))
They have brokenrelations with that firm.
③ n. 親戚，親屬(可數(shù))
【課文講解】
1、A relationof yours is coming to see you.
a relation ofyours?? 您的一個親戚(雙重所有格)
句中的現(xiàn)在進行時表示將要發(fā)生的事情。
2、The momentyou leave this tent, you will get a big surprise. the moment = as soon as??? 一……就……(在這個連詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來時)
3、That is all.
口語中表示“完了，就這些，事情就是這樣”
4、As soon as Iwent outside, I forgot all about Madam Bellinsky because my wife hurried towardsme.
這句話中的all是代詞，表示“一切，全部，所有的事”，它作主語時被視為單數(shù)：
? All I can remember is her name.
hurry towardssb.????? 向某人匆匆走去
5、Your sisterwill be here in less than an hour and we must be at the station to meet her.
must be表示用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)指將來的狀況，這句話也可變成：We must go to the station to meet her.
【Key structures】
表示將要發(fā)生的事情
在英語中，現(xiàn)在進行時也可用來表示為將來安排好的活動和事件。這種用法通常需要一個表示時間的狀語(往往是不久的將來)。arrive，come，go，leave等動詞的進行式經(jīng)常有這種用法，表示行程安排有關(guān)的“將到達，將離去”等意思：
? We’re spending next winter in Australia.
? He’s meeting the vicar in two days’ time.
當時間狀語從句表示將來時，在after，as soon as，before，by the time，the moment，till，until和when等后面通常不用一般將來時而用一般現(xiàn)在時；不用將來完成時而用現(xiàn)在完成時。這兩種現(xiàn)在時態(tài)在時間連詞后面常?？梢曰Q：The Thompsons will move to a new flat when their baby is/ has beenborn.
?I’ll make it before he comes.
在第1類條件句中，if之后通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來可能發(fā)生的事：If he gets the job,he’ll be going abroad./ I’ll give her a meal if she’s hungry.
【Special Difficulties】
由名詞+名詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞
第一個名詞通常起形容詞(或修飾語)的作用，而且一般都用單數(shù)。這類復(fù)合名詞可以代替of結(jié)構(gòu)，如a car key(汽車鑰匙)，a
chair leg(椅子腿)；也可以理解為第一個名詞指地點，第二個詞指該地點中的東西，如a village pub(鄉(xiāng)村酒吧)，a
world record(世界紀錄)，a kitchen
sink(廚房洗滌槽)；也可以表示時間，如a Christams
card(圣誕卡)，an evening dress(晚禮服)，afternoon tea(下午茶)；也可以表示分類，如a horror film(恐怖電影)，a
flower shop(花店)，a taxi-driver(出租車司機)；也可以表示材料，如a fur coat(裘皮大衣)，a gold watch(金表)，cigarette ends(香煙頭)。
?
Lesson61?? ?Trouble with the Hubble
【New words and expressions】(17)
★space?? n.空間(指宇宙空間)
room?? n.空間(不可數(shù))；房間(可數(shù))
Could you make roomfor me?? ??
★robot-arm???? n.機器手
robot? n.機器人, 遙控設(shè)備, 自動機械, 機械般工作的人
【課文講解】
1、The Hubbletelescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20,1990 at a cost of over abillion dollars.
at a cost of … 造價為……耗資，以……的價格/費用??
NASA= National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (美國)國家航空和宇宙航行局(單詞縮寫一般都是組織或者機構(gòu))
2、Right fromthe start there was trouble with the Hubble.?right from the start? 從最開始(right起強調(diào)作用) trouble with…????? 關(guān)于……有麻煩
3、The picturesit sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty!
fault??n.錯誤?；faulty???adj.有錯誤的
Sorry, it's myfault.
4、NASA is nowgoing to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronautsto repair it.
put sth. right???修好(故障等)，校正，糾正
send up??? 往上送
5、The Hubblewill tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe.
a great deal?? 大量? agreat deal of…? 大量的……
7、By the timeyou read this, the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousandsof wonderful pictures.
by the time? 到那時engle eye???? 鷹眼，銳利目光
? His father’s eagle eye is always on him.
thousands andthousands of?????? 成千上萬的
【Letter Writing】
常見的書信開頭：
I have not heardfrom you for some time, so…
It was very kind ofyou to…
【Key structures】
將來完成時、將來進行時和將來完成進行時
將來完成時的構(gòu)成：will
have done，表示到將來某一時刻已經(jīng)完成的動作，必須和某個時間狀語連用，強調(diào)到將來某一點時間動作的結(jié)束。
? 將來進行時的構(gòu)成：will be doing，表示將來某個時候正在進行的動作或表示計劃好的事，陳述將來的事實。They will be arriving here tomorrow.
將來完成進行時的構(gòu)成：will
have been doing，表示某種狀況一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的時間，從某一點發(fā)生, 一直延續(xù)到將來的某一點, 并且將可能延續(xù)下去，強調(diào)到將來某一點時間動作可能結(jié)束或延續(xù)By Fridaymidday, they will have been working on it for seven days. (work on sth.?? 關(guān)于……的工作)
時間狀語從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時代替將來完成時：
? By the time I’ve completed this one, I’llhave been writing for six years.?
【Special Difficulties】
Cost, Price, Value
cost? ① n. 價格，價錢，費用(側(cè)重指某項服務(wù)、工程等)，成本(復(fù)數(shù))at the costof?? 以……的費用，造價……
?② vt. 價錢為……，(使)花費(不用于被動語態(tài))
price??? ① n. 價格，價錢(側(cè)重于指某個具體東西或商品的價錢)，物價(復(fù)數(shù))
② v. 問……的價錢，查明/查詢……的價格；給……定價/標價
The dress is pricedat $50, but you can have it at $40.
I want to price the
bed linen in a few other shops before I buy any.我想在買床單前打聽幾家店的價格. value?? ① n. 表示抽象的價值或重要性，價值觀(復(fù)數(shù))The stolen items were of sentimental,
rather than financial value. 被盜物品更具有情感上的涵義,? 而不是經(jīng)濟上的價值.
② vt. 尊重，重視value sth.認為……有價值
value sth. owned byoneself???? 敝帚自珍
Exercise練習(xí)
1? There hasbeen a sharp rise in the(price)(cost)(value)of living.
2? Whenever Ibuy anything new, my father always asks me the(value)(cost)(price).
3? If you haveto work for something you will(value)(price)(cost)it more.
4? Thathouse(valued)(cost)(priced) afortune to build.
5? Dr. James'swork is of enormous(value)(cost)(price)to the community.
6? Janehas(valued)(cost)(priced)thealternative products and she recommends this one.
7? So far, tencountries have given money towards the(value)(price)(cost)of rebuilding after the earthquake.
【Multiple choice questions】
2? The Hubbletelescope ___a___.
constant? n. [數(shù)、物]常數(shù), 恒量；adj. 不變的, 持續(xù)的, 堅決的
5? A robot-armwill hold the telescope ____a____the astronauts to repair it.
a. for? ??? b.sothat?? c.so long as? ???? d.which
for sb. to dosth.? 基本結(jié)構(gòu)
11? The mainmirror of the Hubble ____d___.
a. hadproblems? ??b. was distant??? c.wastheclearest????d. requires repairs had problems有問題
problem withsth.???? ……出問題 (習(xí)慣用法)
problem的兩個含義：question；trouble
reauires repairs需要修理
12? The Hubbleis ____d___the earth's atmosphere.
a. below?? ?b.over? ? c.within?? d.outside
above?? 在……之上(凌空)
above the earth’satmosphere???? 在大氣層的上方
?
Lesson 62??? Affer the fire
【New words and expressions】(15)
★control???? n.控制
in control?? 在控制之內(nèi)under control? 在控制之下,被控制out of control??? 失控
control? sth.?
I can control it.=I can manage it.? 我能對付(口語)
under arrest???? 被逮捕
★smoke???? n.煙(霧)smoke?? v.吸煙
smokey???? adj.多煙的(名詞加-y, 變?yōu)樾稳菰~)
smokey area?? 吸煙區(qū)?nonsmokey area?? 禁煙區(qū)
rain – rainy ；cloud -cloudy
smoker???? n.抽煙的人
heavy smoker 煙癮重的人? nonsmoker不抽煙的人
Don't smoke! = Nosmoking!
He smoked heavily.
smoking area /smoking room??? 吸煙室
smokingapartment???? 火車上的吸煙車廂
cigarette =cigar???? n.香煙
★desolate? adj.荒涼的(與地方相連，表示無人居住, 荒無人煙的)；極度孤獨的(與人相連時)
lonely? adj.孤獨的，荒涼的，偏僻的(與地方連表示孤零零的，但并不表示無人居住)
★threaten?? v.威脅的
threaten to dosth.??? 威脅著要做……(與人相連)；有跡象表明……
It threatened torain.? 有跡象表明天要下雨了。
threaten sb. withsth.??? 以……來威脅/恐嚇某人
? The thief threatened him with a knife.
?★surrounding???? adj.周圍的
surroundings?? n.環(huán)境(在周邊的事物)
atmosphere? n.大氣層, 氛圍(在周邊的人文環(huán)境)
★destruction????? n.破壞, 毀滅
destroy?? v.破壞destructive?? adj.毀滅性的
construct?? v.建設(shè)(為……創(chuàng)造更好的條件)
construction n.建設(shè),建筑construction bank 建設(shè)銀行constructive????? adj.建設(shè)性的(意見)
build? v.建設(shè)(具體的建某物)
★flood????? n.洪水, 水災(zāi)
flood = floods 都對，都可以用，無區(qū)別
★authorit??? n.當局(常用復(fù)數(shù)authorities)
authority??? n.權(quán)威(單數(shù))
★spray? v.噴撒spray sth. over/on? 往……上噴灑
★quantity n. (數(shù))量quantities of???? 大量的……
quality???? n.質(zhì)量
★root n. 根What is the
root cause?根本原因是什么？root of…????? ……的根
take root?? 生根come out??長出來
shoot come out? ?發(fā)芽(shoot??? n.芽)
flower comeout? 開花get out???? 出去
★patch????? n.小片，顏色和周圍不同的部分
patch? n. (平面上的)一片, 補丁(本意)
?What is that yellow patch on the wall?? 墻上那塊黃斑是什么？a patch of? 一小片 ；patches of 許多片
a piece of / a bitof / a sheet of??? 一片，一塊……
★blacken???? v.變黑，發(fā)暗
-en后綴表示動詞，譯為“使……變得……”
weak adj. 虛弱的 —>
weaken v. 使……變?nèi)?，削?/p>
復(fù)合詞(由兩個詞組合而成一個詞)，如fireman
派生詞(加前綴或后綴的詞)如-tion —— 名詞后綴； -
less —— 形容詞后綴
【課文講解】
1、Firemen hadbeen fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get itunder control.
fight sth.???? 和……作搏斗
get it under
control表示“使它得到控制”，get有“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”的含義，“get+賓語+介詞短語”作賓補: Get the room in order.
2、A short timebefore, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.
a short time before和a short time
ago都可以與段時間相連a short time before??? 不久以前，從過去某一點時間算起，一段時間以前a short time ago??? 過去某段時間，從現(xiàn)在算起，一段時間以前for miles around 方圓幾英里(around表示“在周圍，向四周”)
?3、Now, smoke still rose up from the warm groundover the desolate hills. rise up (from)???升上來
4、Winter wascoming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction,for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floodsas well.
winter was comingon??? 冬季即將來臨 (季節(jié)的來臨的通用表達式)，come on的過去進行時形式表示的是過去將來時，它在這里表季節(jié)的“到來，來臨”：
wash away????? 沖掉，沖走，洗掉
? 5、When the fire had at last been put out, theforest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed whichwould grow quickly.
put out??? 撲滅order??? 定購
type 強調(diào)與其他同類的東西有明顯不同的特征的種類，與kind有區(qū)別
6、The seed wassprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.
quantity單數(shù)時僅表示“數(shù)量”，既可以用于表示多也可以用于表示少： They drank a large
/great /small quantity of beer last night. quantity復(fù)數(shù)表“大量”：He bought books in (large) quantities.
7、By then,however, in many places the grass had already taken root.
take root表示“生根”，也可表某處思想/想法等“扎根”：The idea has taken root in his mind.
8、In place ofthe great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green hadbegun to appear in the blackened soil.
in place of?? 替代，取代 (只能指代位置、空間，原來放的東西現(xiàn)在不在了)
Jane answered thephone in place of Mary.
instead of???? 替代+沒做的事
Instead of staying
home, I went to school. (此句就不能用“in place of”，而指地點空間時，既可以用“in place of”也可以用“instead of”。)
【Summary writing】
2 Now that all thegreat trees had been burnt, there was danger that heavy rain would causeserious floods which destroy the surrounding villages.
now that??? 既然 ；which?? 定語從句
3 To prevent thisthe forest authorities ordered grass-seed which was sprayed over the ground byplanes for nearly a month.
to prevent…???? 為了預(yù)防……
4 By the time itbegan to rain, the grass had taken root in the soil. by the time(that)???? 到……時候為止 (that可以省略)，應(yīng)理解為“before”
【Key structures】
過去完成時和過去完成進行時
過去完成進行時的構(gòu)成：had
been +現(xiàn)在分詞
過去完成進行時用于強調(diào)某動作在過去更早的某一段時間內(nèi)一直在進行，并對過去某一時刻產(chǎn)生結(jié)果，過去完成進行時也可用來表示過去經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動作，還可以表示根據(jù)直接或間接的證據(jù)而得出結(jié)論。與它經(jīng)常連用的表示時間的詞有before，for，since，all day等。
在包含間接引語的句子中，如果引述詞是過去時態(tài)，則現(xiàn)在完成進行時要改為過去完成進行時。
過去完成時與過去完成進行時有時可以互換。但需要表示某個工作已經(jīng)完成時，只能用過去完成時。
? When I arrived, they’d alredy put the fireout.
【Special Difficulties】?
Control and Check
control???? ① vt. 控制，指揮，支配，管理
② n. 控制(能力)，支配(能力)
check?? vt.檢查，核對，查看
Great and Big
great?? adj.大的(強調(diào)重要性)，偉大的，重大的，重要的Frank has just made a great decision.
big?? adj.大的(強調(diào)面積、體積、規(guī)模上的大)
Soil and Ground
soil??? n.泥土(能讓植物生長的)，土，土地，土壤
? Trees and grass grow quickly in rich soil.
ground?? n.地表，地面(與土壤無關(guān))，場地，土地
【Multiple choice questions】
6? The planes____c___nearly a month to plant the seed.
a. did? ??? b.made? ?? c.took? ??? d.had
花費時間：人作主語用spend；用時間表達用take
9? Large____d____of seed were used.
a. weights? ??? b.measures? ?? c. tons? ?? d. amounts
weight?? n.重量 ；measures? v.測量 ；tons?? n.噸large amounts 大量的，修飾不可數(shù)名詞
11? Patches ofgreen had begun to appear. There was green grass ____d____.
a. every where? ??? b.only in one or two places
c. in oneplace? d. here and there
patches許多快everywhere每一寸土地上here and there 這一塊, 那一塊, 很多快, 不一定是每一寸
?
Lesson63??? She was not amused
【New words and expressions】(6)
★admire? ① vt. 欽佩，贊賞
admire sb. forsth.????? 因為……羨慕某人
② vt. 欣賞，觀賞
③ vt. (口語)夸獎，稱贊
★close adj. 親密的closefriend???? 親密的朋友
★reception (＝party)? n.招待會
wedding reception??? 婚宴
news conference????? 新聞發(fā)布會, 記者招待會
★sort????? n.種類，類型(常與of連用)
type 種類(有特殊特征的)
sort和kind有時可互換，但在下面兩種情況下用sort：① that sort of person 那種人② sort可有諷刺意味That'sthe sort of thing you like best.
【課文講解】
1、JeremyHampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties.
have a large circle
of friends 有一個很大的朋友圈子, 交際很廣＝sb. has/have a lot of friends
circle的含義之一是“(具有共同利益或興趣等的人形成的)圈子，……界”
Such things arenever talked about in business circles.
2、Everybodyadmires him for his great sense of humour -- everybody, that is, except hissix-year-old daughter, Jenny.
that is為插入語，一旦插在句子當中,是作為固定結(jié)構(gòu), 意思是“那就是說，亦即”，起解釋作用
? sense of humour?? 幽默感
3、This is thesort of thing that Jeremy loves.
the sort of, the
kind of的后面加單數(shù)
4、He preparedthe speech carefully and went to the wedding with Jenny.
prepare sth.???? 準備做……，后面跟內(nèi)容有關(guān)系
prepare for sth. 為…作準備后面不一定跟內(nèi)容有關(guān)
5、He hadincluded a large number of funny stories in the speech and, of course, it was agreat success.
included 包含(把里面內(nèi)容的一部分挑出來說)
contain強調(diào)容器里的包含, 后面一定要把所有的東西都列舉出來
It was a great
success. 表示“這事做的不錯,不同凡響,很成功”
6、Jeremy was alittle disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked.? a little稍微, 有一點
be disappointedby…???? 因為……感到失望
as +從句?? 如同……那樣，以……的方式(方式狀語從句)do asyou are told???? 按你被告知的做
7、Jeremy asked
her why this was so and she told him that she did not like to see so many
people laughing at him! why this was so(this 可以作主語, 也可以作賓語，so 只能作賓語, 只能放在動詞后面)
I think so. / Ihope so. / I guess so. / I expect so.
I refuse to doso.???? 我拒絕這樣做
see sb. doingsth.???? 看見某人正在作某事
so many people 跟數(shù)字相連的前面一定要用so
★laugh??? ① vi. (大)笑
Everybody laughedout loud when he said that.
② vi. 嘲笑(介詞用at)
如果laugh at后跟的是物，表示“因……而發(fā)笑”：
【Summary writing】
1.When Jeremy
Hampden, who is greatly admired for his great sense of humour , was invited to
make a speech at a wedding reception, he immediately agreed to do so.在不使句子產(chǎn)生歧義的前提下,定語從句可放在其所修飾的整個句子的后面, 如以下兩句:
The brother, whowas standing near the house, wanted to go swimming./The brother wanted to goswimming who was standing near the house .
但下面的就容易產(chǎn)生歧義:
The brother, who wasstanding near the house , wanted to talk with the girl.
The brother wanted
to talk with the girl who was standing near the house. (有歧義)
【Letter Writing】
書信常見開頭：
? You must be very annoyed with me for…
? I have just heard that…
【Multiple choice questions】
4? __a__Jenny, everyone admires him for his great sense of humour.
a. Except for? b. Apart??? c.Except? d. Unless
unless?? adv.除非except for ＝apart from
7? Jeremy wasa little disappointed. He was __d__disappointed.
a. little?? b.somehow c. enough? d.somewhat
a little少量, 少許, 有一點點；little幾乎沒有。與形容詞或副詞連用時, 用a little；與名詞連用時, 用a little, little都可。何時用a little, 何時用little, 是由說話人的態(tài)度區(qū)分somehow??? adv.不知怎么的
somewhat? adv.有一些，有一點(＝alittle)
【語法精粹】
1 Simplephotographic lenses can’t __D__sharp, undistorted images over a wide field.
A. to form? B. are formed? C. forming? ??? D.form
情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語
2 Of all thefactors affecting agricultural yields, weather is the one ___B__the most.
A. it influencesfarmers??? B. that influences farmers
C.farmers that it
influences D. why farmers influence it 如一句出現(xiàn)了謂語動詞,再出現(xiàn)動詞則可能是：① 并列關(guān)系 ② 從句 ③ 非謂語動詞 ④ 介詞短語
why引導(dǎo)的從句一定是表語從句或賓語從句
