副詞，形容詞，名詞規(guī)則（附十年真題練習(xí)）
高考高頻考點(diǎn)1：副詞，形容詞，名詞規(guī)則（附十年真題練習(xí)）
一形容詞變副詞情況變化規(guī)則
一般情況直接加-ly
sharp→sharply; particular→particularly; extreme→extremely; poor→poorly; recent→recently; fair→fairly; certain→certainly; regular→regularly;slow→slowly;sudden→suddenly; huge→hugely; rare→rarely
以-y結(jié)尾的單詞變y為i, 再加-ly
easy→easily; angry→angrily; necessary→necessarily; clumsy→clumsily(注意：y的讀音同“ai”，直接加-ly，如：shy→shyly)
以le結(jié)尾的單詞去e,再加-y
gentle→gently; terrible→terribly; comfortable→comfortably
(特殊情況：whole→wholly)
以-ue結(jié)尾的單詞去e,再加-ly
true→truly
以-ic結(jié)尾的單詞加-ally
basic→basically; scientific→scientifically??specific→specifically (特殊情況：public→publicly)
以-ll結(jié)尾的單詞只加-y
full→fully; dull→dully
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真題演練：
1.（2023新高考1）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ________(rare) enough, yet two seem greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
2.（2023新高考2）________(basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
3.（2023浙江1月）The term “hutong”, __________(original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
4.（2022新高考1）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve the connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ________(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
5.（2022新高考2）When he looked down, he _________(accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.
6.（2022浙江1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, ___________(rough) 200 academics---many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
7.（2021新高考1）It will ____________(undoubted) help you get refreshed.
8.（2021北京卷）Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could _______(safe) wait for the police to take her home.
9.（2021浙江1月） But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed__________(sharp).
10.（2020全國(guó)1卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is ________(extreme) challenging.
11.（2020全國(guó)2卷）__________(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
12.（2020全國(guó)3卷）As the small boat moved ________(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
13.（2019全國(guó)1卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as mush of the range has been ________(poor) studied.
14.（2019全國(guó)2卷）Her years of hard work have_______(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated her to be Cheshire’s Woman of The Year. ???
15.（2019全國(guó)3卷）They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were _______(huge) popular with tourists.
16.（2019浙江卷）When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _________(easy) see them.
17.（2018全國(guó)2卷）A taste for meat is ________(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
18.（2018浙江11月）_________(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.
19.（2017全國(guó)2卷）Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been _______(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
20.（2017全國(guó)3卷）It is _________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
21.（2017浙江11月）You need to ________(real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic.
22.（2016全國(guó)1卷）The title will be _________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
23.（2016全國(guó)2卷）Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _________(regular).
24.（2016全國(guó)3卷）Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _________(gradual) turned into chopsticks.
25.（2015全國(guó)1卷）Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it _________(regular) arranges quick getaways for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
26.（2015全國(guó)2卷）Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ________(slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.
27.（2014全國(guó)1卷）The river was so polluted that it ________(actual) caught fire and burned. ???
28.（2014全國(guó)2卷）Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done,and the crowd of strangers _________(sudden) became friendly to one another.
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答案：1.rarely 2.Basically 3.originally 4.eventually 5.accidentally 6.roughly 7.undoubtedly 8.safely 9.sharply 10.extremely 11.certainly 12.gently 13.poorly 14.finally 15.hugely 16.easily 17.actually 18.Recently 19.fairly 20.certainly 21.really 22.officially 23.regularly 24.gradually 25.regularly 26.slowly 27.actually 28.suddenly
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二常考形容詞后綴
形容詞后綴用法示例
-al表示“屬于...的， 具有...性質(zhì)的”
globe→global; option→optional; tradition→traditional; nature→natural; person→personal; music→musical; origin→original
-ful用于名詞或動(dòng)詞后，表示“富有...的，充滿(mǎn)...的，有...性質(zhì)的”
beauty→beautiful；wonder→wonderful；care→careful；success →successful；meaning→meaningful；pain→painful；peace→peaceful；power→powerful；faith→faithful
-ing用于動(dòng)詞后，表示“令/使人...的”或“...的”或“正在...的”
令人...的：amaze→amazing; convince→convincing; encourage→encouraging; inspire→inspiring; freeze→freezing
...的：care→caring; shine→shining/shiny; exist→existing; visit→visiting
正在...的：fall→falling ???????
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-ed用于動(dòng)詞后，表示“具有...特征的”或“被...的”或“感到...的”
有...的：sight→sighted；qualify→qualified; fail→failed; advance→advanced
被...的：import→imported; intend→intended; build→built
已經(jīng)...的：fall→fallen; boil→boiled; retire→retired
感到...的：please→pleased; move→moved; excite→excited; disappoint→disappointed
-ble(-able/-ible)
表示“可/能...的，具有...性質(zhì)的”
remark→remarkable; value→valuable; afford→affordable; knowledge→knowledge；reason→reasonable; comfort→comfortable; access→accessible
-y表示“充滿(mǎn)...的，有...傾向的，似...地”
wealth→wealthy；fog→foggy；guilt→guilty;noise→noisy; taste→tasty；smell→smelly; luck→lucky; ice→icy; juice→juicy; word→wordy
-ive表示“有…性質(zhì)的，有…傾向的”
Impress→impressive; effect→effective; create→creative
-ous表示“有...性質(zhì)的，充滿(mǎn)...的”
anxiety→anxious; humor→humorous; continue→continuous; courage→courageous; variety→various; curiosity→curious ???????
-ly表示“具有……性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)的，每隔……時(shí)間的”
friend→friendly; dead→deadly; live→lively; love→lovely; day→daily; week→weekly; month→monthly
-ic表示“與……有關(guān)的”
history→historic; symbol→symbolic; system→systematic; hero→heroic
-en表示“由……制成(或構(gòu)成)的，像……一樣的”
wood→wooden; wool→woollen; gold→golden
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真題演練：
1.（2023全國(guó)甲卷）__________(difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
2.（2023全國(guó)乙卷）The _________(remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here.
3.（2023新高考1）Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, _________(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
4.（2023新高考1）Shanghai may be the _________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
5.（2023新高考2）Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and __________(confidence) speaking English.
6.（2023新高考2）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often came to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. ???
7.（2023浙江1月）The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by __________(space) homes and walled gardens.
8.（2022全國(guó)甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more _________(meaning).
9.（2022全國(guó)乙卷）It can help to build a community with a ________(share) future for mankind.
10.（2022新高考2）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony, Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _________(fall) child.
11.（2022新高考2）They both fell ________(sleep) while watching TV.
12.（2022浙江6月）Blind people recognize shapes with their ________(exist) senses, in a way similar to that of __________(sight) people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
13.（2021全國(guó)甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their_________(day) routines.
14.（2021全國(guó)乙卷）Provide __________(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
15.（2021新高考1）But that’s how nature is --- always leaving us ________(astonish).
16.（2021新高考1）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________(ache) legs.
17.（2021新高考2）I told him how ________(harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
18.（2021新高考2）I was so _________(excite) when he wrote back to me.
19.（2020全國(guó)2卷）Branches of Plum Blossoms: The ________(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds make fantastic decorations. ???
20.（2020北京卷）Oliver says if you’re _________(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if you can join in when it’s possible.
21.（2020海南卷）At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop _________(education) computer programs for children in preschool.
22.（2020山東卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries, _________(wealth) people traveled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
23.（2019全國(guó)2卷）We are so proud of her. It’s _________(wonder).
24.（2019全國(guó)3卷）They also shared with us many ________(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.
25.（2019浙江卷）School uniforms are ________(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
26.（2019北京卷）It’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ________(meaning) college experience.
27.（2018全國(guó)1卷）Running is cheap, easy and it’s always _________(energy).
28.（2018全國(guó)2卷）According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ________(globe) fertilizer consumption.
29.（2018全國(guó)3卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel _________(challenge).
30.（2018浙江卷）The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ________(afford) but doing this most days adds up.
31.（2017全國(guó)1卷）However, be _________(care) not to go to extremes.
32.（2017全國(guó)2卷）The Central London Railway was one of the most _________(success) of theses new lines, and was opened in 1900.
33.（2017浙江11月）One of the _________(effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books.
34.（2017浙江卷）But something made her look closer, and she noticed a __________(shine) object. ???
35.（2015全國(guó)2卷）As ________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
36.（2014全國(guó)1卷）While there are _________(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
37.（2014全國(guó)1卷）Just be _______(patience).
38.（2014全國(guó)2卷）There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _________(disappoint).
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答案：1.Different 2.remarkable 3.tasty 4.recognized 5.confident 6.visiting 7.spacious 8.meaningful 9.shared 10.falling 11.asleep 12.existing; sighted 13.daily 14.financial 15.astonished 16.aching 17.harmful 18.excited 19.beautiful 20.lucky 21.educational 22.wealthy 23.wonderful 24.traditional 25.traditional 26.meaningful 27.energetic 28.global 29.challenged 30.affordable 31.careful 32.successful 33.effective 34.shiny/shining 35.natural 36.amazing 37.patient 38.disappointed
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三?？济~后綴
后綴意義示例
-ion, -sion, -tion表示行為或狀態(tài)
accuse→accusation; construct→construction; connect→connection; invite→invitation; discuss→discussion; decide→decision; innovate→innovation
（難點(diǎn)：explain→explanation; describe→description; admit→admission)
-ment? ? ? ??表示行為或結(jié)果
commit→commitment; achieve→achievement; develop→development; require→requirement; agree→agreement; punish→punishment; judge→judgment; treat→treatment
-ness表示狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，或結(jié)果
rich→richness; aware→awareness; kind→kindness; weak→weakness; lonely→loneliness
-cy表示性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)
private→privacy; accurate→accuracy; pregnant→pregnancy
-ity, -ty表示狀態(tài)或行為
able→ability; responsible→responsibility; stable→stability; anxious→anxiety; loyal→loyalty; real→reality
-ence, -ance, -ancy, -ency表示性質(zhì)、狀況、行為或程度
perform→performance; appear→appearance; guide→guidance; prefer→preference; convenient→convenience; silent→silence; expect→expectancy
-th表示結(jié)果、過(guò)程、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)
warm→warmth; deep→depth;true→truth; strong→strength ???????
-ive, -ative表示能做某事的人或物
represent→representative; detect→detective
-ure表示行為、狀態(tài)或結(jié)果
press→pressure; mix→mixture; expose→exposure
-al表示行為或狀態(tài)
arrive→arrival; propose→proposal
-age表示狀態(tài)
short→shortage; marry→marriage; cover→coverage
-dom表示地位、狀態(tài)
free→freedom; bored→boredom; wise→wisdom
-ism表示制度，主義，行為，學(xué)說(shuō)，信仰
criticize→criticism; social→socialism; hero→heroism
-ship表示某種職業(yè)，身份或狀態(tài)
leader→leadership; friend→friendship; owner→ownership; member→membership
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真題演練：
1.（2024浙江首考）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the _______ (criticize) that they lead to waste.
2.（2023全國(guó)甲卷）However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty _________(warn) about environmental destruction.
3.（2023新高考2）Since June 2017, right before the ________(arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. ???
4.（2022全國(guó)甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental __________(protect).
5.（2022全國(guó)乙卷）As a main promoter of the international Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a _________(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
6.（2022浙江6月）John Olson, a former_________(photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
7.（2022浙江6月）For Luc, this means ___________(independent).
8.（2022浙江1月）When the answer was no, she declined the ___________(invite).
9.（2021全國(guó)乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas --- both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _________(develop) of the local areas.
10.（2021新高考2）A company __________(represent) wrote back and tole me the airline was switching over the plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
11.（2021浙江6月）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their __________(marry) ceremony in 1842.
12.（2020全國(guó)2卷）Chinese New Year is a _________(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of the spring.
13.（2020全國(guó)3卷）Filled with _________(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
14.（2020海南卷）Also, technological know-how has become a __________(require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world.
15.（2020山東卷）Historical __________(accurate) is important but so is entertainment. ???
16.（2019全國(guó)1卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ________(believe) that populations are increasing.
17.（2019全國(guó)3卷）When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting __________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
18.（2019浙江卷）Other American studies showed no _________(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
19.（2018全國(guó)2卷）This switch has decreased _________(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
20.（2018浙江卷）Researchers have found that there is a link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _________(weigh) problems.
21.（2017全國(guó)2卷）This development was only possible with the __________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
22.（2017全國(guó)3卷）She is determined to carry on with her __________(educate).
23.（2016全國(guó)1卷）But for tourists like me, pandas are its top __________(attract).
24.（2016全國(guó)2卷）Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of _________(achieve).
25.（2016全國(guó)3卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 491 B.C., influenced the _________(develop) of chopsticks.
26.（2015全國(guó)2卷）In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
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答案：1.criticism 2.warning 3.arrival 4.protection 5.responsibility 6.photographer 7.independence 8.invitation 9.development 10.representative 11.marriage 12.celebration 13.curiosity 14.requirement 15.accuracy 16. belief 17.competition 18.connection/connections 19.pollution 20.weight 21.introduction 22.education 23.attraction 24.achievement 25.development 26.ability ????
