當(dāng)你突然聽到一首來(lái)自記憶里的歌，會(huì)不會(huì)隨著進(jìn)入音樂的情境而涌現(xiàn)一種特殊的感覺？好像這首歌把你拉回過去，暫時(shí)地成為了那個(gè)無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的，快樂的自己。
音樂常常具有很強(qiáng)的感染力，通過聽音樂，聽眾們能感受到作者想表達(dá)的喜怒哀樂。聽眾們也可以在音樂中找到一種特殊的歸屬感，并在煩亂嘈雜的當(dāng)下找到一絲溫暖與寧?kù)o。
縱觀歷史，音樂一直被賦予預(yù)防、治療等醫(yī)學(xué)價(jià)值。公元前4000年至今，音樂家、治療師、哲學(xué)家以及其他藝術(shù)家和學(xué)者都在論文中記錄了音樂對(duì)身體、 心理和社會(huì)的影響（MacDonald et al., 2013）。盡管音樂減輕疾病和痛苦的力量已經(jīng)被人們認(rèn)識(shí)了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，但直到 20 世紀(jì)才真正開始對(duì)音樂功效的原因進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究。
近代神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究表明，音樂是一種能夠影響大腦中復(fù)雜神經(jīng)生物學(xué)過程的物質(zhì)，并表明它可能在治療中發(fā)揮重要作用。臨床研究也提供了新的證據(jù)，表明音樂療法可以作為治療抑郁癥、自閉癥、精神分裂癥和癡呆癥，以及激動(dòng)、焦慮、失眠和藥物濫用等問題的替代療法 （Lin et al., 2011）。
在音樂對(duì)健康的五種介入方式中，音樂的日常使用雖然不是一種突出的實(shí)踐，但包括了人們每日頻繁與音樂以被動(dòng)或主動(dòng)的方式互動(dòng)。最近的研究表明，聆聽音樂可以對(duì)人們的健康和幸福產(chǎn)生積極影響（DeNora, 2000；Sloboda & O'Neill, 2001）。
音樂治療是一個(gè) 100 多年來(lái)一直在研究和發(fā)展其實(shí)踐的專業(yè)（Edwards, 2016）。越來(lái)越多的音樂治療在心理健康的運(yùn)用與成果支持了現(xiàn)代心理健康服務(wù)專業(yè)的發(fā)展。對(duì)研究的回顧總結(jié)音樂療法是“一種結(jié)構(gòu)化的互動(dòng)，患者能夠使用它來(lái)成功參與、管理他們的一些癥狀并表達(dá)與他們的經(jīng)歷相關(guān)的感受” （Edwards, 2006）。
音樂為什么可以在心理健康方面發(fā)揮如此關(guān)鍵的作用？
那些治愈的古典音樂
那些年治愈我們的歌曲
參考文獻(xiàn)：
Barak, Y. (2006). The immune system and happiness.?Autoimmunity reviews, 5(8), 523-527.
Campbell, A. (1981). The sense of well-being in America: Recent patterns and trends.
Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976).?The quality of American life: Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions. Russell Sage Foundation.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention.?HarperPerennial, New York, 39.
Cummins, R. A. (1997).?Bibliography on quality of life and cognate areas of study. School of Psychology, Deakin University.
DeNora, T. (2000).?Music in everyday life. Cambridge University Press.
Edwards, J. (2006). Music therapy in the treatment and management of mental disorders. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 23(1), 33-35.
Edwards, J. (Ed.). (2016).?The Oxford handbook of music therapy. Oxford University Press.
Fowler, J. H., & Christakis, N. A. (2008). Dynamic spread of happiness in a large social network: longitudinal analysis over 20 years in the Framingham Heart Study.?Bmj, 337.
Fredrickson, B., & Levenson, R. W. (1998). Positive emotions speed recovery from the cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions.?Cognition & emotion, 12(2), 191-220.
Glennie, E., & MacDonald, R. (2005). Musical communication.?Oxford University Press on Demand.
Hallam, S., & MacDonald, R. (2008). The effects of music in community and educational settings.
Hargreaves, D. J., MacDonald, R., & Miell, D. (2005).?How do people communicate using music. Musical communication, 1, 1-26.
Hargreaves, D. J., & North, A. C. (1999).?The functions of music in everyday life: Redefining the social in music psychology. Psychology of music, 27(1), 71-83.
James, J. R., Hall, P. S., & Wood, C. (1986).?Microstrip antenna: theory and design?(Vol. 12). Iet.
Jetten, J., Haslam, C., Haslam, S. A., & Branscombe, N. R. (2009). The social cure.?Scientific american mind, 20(5), 26-33.
Juslin, P. N., & Sloboda, J. (Eds.). (2011).?Handbook of music and emotion: Theory, research, applications.Oxford University Press.
Keyes, C. L., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: the empirical encounter of two traditions.?Journal of personality and social psychology, 82(6), 1007.
Knox, D., Beveridge, S., Mitchell, L. A., & MacDonald, R. A. (2011). Acoustic analysis and mood classification of pain-relieving music.?The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130(3), 1673-1682.
Lin, S. T., Yang, P., Lai, C. Y., Su, Y. Y., Yeh, Y. C., Huang, M. F., & Chen, C. C. (2011). Mental health implications of music: Insight from neuroscientific and clinical studies.?Harvard review of psychiatry, 19(1), 34-46.
MacDonald, R. A., Hargreaves, D. J., & Miell, D. (Eds.). (2002).?Musical identities. OUP Oxford.
MacDonald, R., Kreutz, G., & Mitchell, L. (Eds.). (2013).?Music, health, and wellbeing. Oxford University Press.
Mitchell, H. F., & MacDonald, R. A. (2011). Remembering, recognizing and describing singers' sound identities.?Journal of New Music Research, 40(1), 75-80.
North, A., & Hargreaves, D. (2008).?The social and applied psychology of music.?OUP Oxford.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.?Journal of personality and social psychology, 57(6), 1069.
Salvatore, P., Gariboldi, S., Offidani, A., Coppola, F., Amore, M., & Maggini, C. (2001). Psychopathology, personality, and marital relationship in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures.?Fertility and sterility, 75(6), 1119-1125.
Schnall, P. L., Pieper, C., Schwartz, J. E., Karasek, R. A., Schlussel, Y., Devereux, R. B., ... & Pickering, T. G. (1990). The relationship between'job strain,'workplace diastolic blood pressure, and left ventricular mass index: results of a case-control study.?Jama, 263(14), 1929-1935.
Sloboda, J. A. & O’Neill, S. A. (2001).?Emotions in everyday listening to music.?In: P. N. Juslin & J. A. Sloboda (Eds.), Music and Emotion: Theory and Research. Oxford University Press.
Van Praag, H. M., de Kloet, E. R., & Van Os, J. (2004).?Stress, the brain and depression. Cambridge University Press.
Van Praag, B. M., Frijters, P., & Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A. (2003). The anatomy of subjective well-being.?Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 51(1), 29-49.
Zillmann, D., & Gan, S. L. (1997). Musical taste in adolescence.
本文由“圓舞曲健康科技”整理編輯，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處，若侵權(quán)請(qǐng)告知?jiǎng)h除，謝謝！
