
名詞從句的簡化與其他詞類的簡化相同,都是省略主語與be動詞?,F(xiàn)在分別就Ving和to V這兩種補(bǔ)語形態(tài)進(jìn)行探討:
一、Ving形式補(bǔ)語
如果名詞從句中沒有be動詞、助動詞一律把動詞變成-ing形式。
① 主語位置
That I drink good wine with friends is my greatest enjoyment.
這一句中名詞從句在主語的位置想要省略掉,由于沒有be動詞、助動詞,省略主語I和連接詞that以后,就只有將動詞變成drinking形式:
Drinking good wine with friends is my greatest enjoyment.
② 賓語位置
Many husbands enjoy that they do the cooking.
這一句中賓語位置的名詞從句they與husbands重復(fù),省略掉that they以后,動詞do只有改寫成doing形式:
Many husbands enjoy doing the cooking.
③ 介系詞的賓語
句1:He got used to something.
句2:He worked late into the night.
整個句2的內(nèi)容就是句1中的something,在進(jìn)行連接的時候不能直接放入that he worked late into the night是因?yàn)閟omething前面是介詞to,不能直接放名詞從句作賓語,只有先進(jìn)行省略,將動詞worked變成working形式:
He got used to working late into the night.
④ 主語不能省略
1> 改成s+v+o+c的句型
使用這種方式必須要保證名詞從句位于賓語位置,且主句可以改成上述句型:
I imagined that a beautiful girl was singing to me.
這里如果省略掉主語a beautiful girl和be動詞、連接詞that以后,句子的意思就會改變。我們只有改成:
I imagined a beautiful girl singing to me.
2> 用所有格來處理
That he calls my girlfriend every day is too much for me.
這里如果直接省略掉that he將動詞calls改寫成calling形式,就會造成表達(dá)的意思不同,只有加入所有格形式:
His calling my girlfriend every day is too much for me.
3> 加介詞
I am worried ?that my son lies all the time.
因?yàn)閺木渲械膍y son與主句中的I不同,不能單純的省略,只有加入介詞about,然后變成所有格的形式:
I am worried about my son's lying all the time.
⑤ 如何處理被動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)如果省略主語和be動詞,剩下的補(bǔ)語是Ven形容詞類,無法取代原有的名詞從句:
That anyone is called a liar is the greatest insult.
如果將That any one is省略掉將動詞called改成calling形式,句子的被動語態(tài)就蕩然無存了。我們只有使用下面的形式:
Being called a liar is the greatest insult.
⑥ 動詞是be動詞
That one is a teacher requires a lot of patience.
動詞是be動詞is,如果一同省略就沒有做的意思了,改寫成being的形式:
Being a teacher requires a lot of patience.
二、to V形式補(bǔ)語
名詞從句的簡化,如果有助動詞,就會變成to V的形式
① 主語不適合省略
名詞從句的主語如果與主句不重復(fù),就不能簡單的省略掉。要設(shè)法保留從句的主語,放于主句的賓語位置上。
I want that you should go.
首先改寫成to V的形式
I want that you are to go.
然后省略be動詞,將you放于賓語位置:
I want you to go.
② 由疑問詞改寫的名詞從句
I don't know what I should do.
這里的名詞從句,可以省略掉主語I,將助動詞should改寫成to do的形式,但疑問連接詞what不可省略:
I don't know what to do.
這是由于疑問詞通常是有意義的詞語,不同于that的單純連接功能。所以不能省略掉。
三、to V與Ving形式的比較
如果判斷出名詞從句中有不確定語氣,或者能看出原來應(yīng)該有助動詞,就會簡化成to V的形式。如果只是當(dāng)做一件事情來談,是確定的語氣,就沒有助動詞,簡化成為Ving形式。