L5-U2-P2-1 Listening :?Light and Color 光與色

People have wondered about the nature of light and color since ancient times. 自古以來，人們就一直對光與色彩的本質(zhì)充滿好奇。

Some people thought that light came from the eye rather than coming into the eye. 有些人曾認(rèn)為光并非進(jìn)入眼睛，而是從眼睛發(fā)出的。

To see, light was projected from our eyes to illuminate things as we look at them. 為了看清物體，光從我們的眼睛投射出來，照亮我們所注視的東西。

Now we know that what we see is mostly reflected light, like the light from the moon which is reflected sunlight. 現(xiàn)在我們知道，我們看到的多數(shù)是反射光，比如月光其實(shí)就是反射的陽光。

Light comes from a light source, such as the Sun, and either enters our eyes directly or after it has reflected off something. 光來自光源（例如太陽），它要么直接進(jìn)入我們的眼睛，要么在物體表面反射后進(jìn)入眼中。

Light enters our eyes directly or after it has reflected off something like a tree or flower .

Light comes from a light source?and either enters our eyes directly or indirectly, after reflecting off something.

(1) People have wondered about the nature of light and color since ancient times.

(2) Some people thought that light came from the eye rather than coming into the eye.

(3) To see, light was projected from our eyes to illuminate things as we look at them.

(4) Now we know that what we see is mostly reflected light, like the light from the moon which is reflected sunlight.

Besides the Sun, what's another example of a direct light source? - a fire or flashlight

In 1666, Sir Isaac Newton showed that when light passes through a prism, it separates into all the other colors. 1666年，艾薩克·牛頓爵士演示了當(dāng)光穿過棱鏡時(shí)會(huì)分散成所有其他顏色。

This clearly demonstrated that light is composed of many different colors. 這清楚地證明了光是由許多不同的顏色組成的。

The difference between colors is due to their wavelength. 顏色之間的差異是由它們的波長決定的。

A prism separates light into different colors because each color has a different wavelength. 棱鏡將光分離成不同顏色，因?yàn)槊糠N顏色都有不同的波長。

The angle at which a color bends in a prism depends on its wavelength. 顏色在棱鏡中的彎曲角度取決于其波長。

The angle?at which a color?bends?in a prism...depends?on its?wavelength.

Colors with shorter wavelengths bend more than colors with longer wavelengths. 波長較短的顏色比波長較長的顏色彎曲得更厲害。

This explains why red light bends less than yellow light. 這就解釋了為什么紅光比黃光彎曲程度小。

The reason is because its wavelength is longer. 原因在于它的波長更長。

Of the visible colors, violet light has the shortest wavelength, so it bends the most. 在可見光中，紫光的波長最短，因此它彎曲得最顯著。

The angle at which a color bends in a prism depends on its wavelength.

This clearly demonstrated that light is composed of many different colors.

A prism separates light into its component colors.

Each color is a single wavelength of light.

A prism separates light into different colors because each color has a different wavelength.

If you have ever painted, you know that different colors can be combined to create new colors.

如果你曾經(jīng)畫過畫，你就會(huì)知道不同的顏色可以混合在一起創(chuàng)造出新的顏色。

For example, if you add white to a color, you lighten it.

例如，如果在一種顏色中加入白色，就會(huì)使其變淺。

However, the three primary colors, red, blue and yellow cannot be made by mixing other colors.

然而，紅、藍(lán)、黃這三種原色是無法通過混合其他顏色得到的。

It isn't possible to mix any combination of colors to create red, blue or yellow.

不可能通過任何顏色的組合來調(diào)出紅色、藍(lán)色或黃色。

Mixing two primary colors creates a secondary color such as purple, which is made by mixing blue and red.

混合兩種原色會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種間色，例如紫色，它是由藍(lán)色和紅色混合而成的。

Mixing three primary colors creates a tertiary color such as brown or gray.

混合三種原色會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種復(fù)色，例如棕色或灰色。

How can you create a secondary color?-Mixing two primay colors.

If youhave ever?painted, you know that different colors?can be?combined?to create?new colors.

The difference between colors is due to their wavelength.

Purple is made by mixing blue and red.

The primary colors cannot be created by mixing other colors .

L5-U2-P2-2 Listening :?Color’s Effect?顏色的影響

Colors are wonderful to look at, but they also affect people in ways besides sight. 色彩看起來很美，但它們也會(huì)在視覺之外影響人們。

They have a powerful effect on how people feel and behave. 它們對人們的感受和行為有著強(qiáng)大的影響。

Artists know this and so do business people who want to influence how people feel about their products and advertisements. 藝術(shù)家們明白這一點(diǎn)，那些想影響人們對產(chǎn)品和廣告感受的商人也同樣如此。

For example, research has shown that people can be more productive if they are working in a blue room. 例如，研究表明，人們在藍(lán)色的房間里工作可以更高效。

The color purple is often linked to wealth and royalty and is seen as a mysterious, spiritual color. 紫色常常與財(cái)富和王室聯(lián)系在一起，并被視為一種神秘、靈性的顏色。

Some colors have even been associated with changes in blood pressure. 有些顏色甚至與血壓的變化有關(guān)。

Though color can influence how we feel and act, these effects may depend on personal and cultural factors. 雖然顏色可以影響我們的感受和行為，但這些效果可能取決于個(gè)人和文化因素。

Therefore, it's important not to believe everything you hear about the effects of color. 因此，不要相信你聽到的關(guān)于顏色效果的一切說法，這一點(diǎn)很重要。

If you add white to a color , you lighten it .

Some colors have even been associated with changes in blood pressure.

Though there are differences between cultures, there is a general agreement about some colors. 盡管不同文化之間存在差異，但人們對某些顏色的認(rèn)知存在普遍共識(shí)。

The color red, for example, is a warm color, associated with energy and excitement in many cultures. 例如紅色作為一種暖色調(diào)，在許多文化中都與活力和激情相關(guān)聯(lián)。

In China, red is associated with fire, energy and good fortune. 在中國文化中，紅色象征著火焰、活力與吉祥好運(yùn)。

On the other hand, one experiment showed that exposing students to red before taking a test can have a negative effect. 然而有實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，讓學(xué)生考前接觸紅色可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生消極影響。

In fact, of all the colors, research shows that red has the most powerful effect on human behavior. 事實(shí)上研究表明，在所有顏色中紅色對人類行為產(chǎn)生的影響最為顯著。

Certainly, it's interesting and important to better understand the psychological effects of light and color. 當(dāng)然，更好地理解光與顏色的心理影響既引人入勝又具有重要意義。

To gain a better understanding of these effects, more research is needed. 為了更深入地理解這些影響，我們還需要進(jìn)行更多研究。

To see, light was projected from our eyes to illuminate things as we look at them.

L5-U2-P2-3 Vocabulary :?Verbs for Business 1商業(yè)動(dòng)詞 1

To promote: to move someone up in an organization, usually because she has done a good job. 晉升：指在機(jī)構(gòu)中提拔某人，通常因其工作表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異。

We're going to promote her to manager. 我們將晉升她為經(jīng)理。

If we don't promote him, he'll probably be upset. 如果我們不提拔他，他可能會(huì)感到失望。

The opposite of promote is demote. 與“晉升”相反的詞是“降職”。

We shouldn't?promote?anyone unless they really?deserve?it, which means they have to?prove?themselves.

To transfer: to move someone or something from one place to another. 調(diào)動(dòng)：將某人或某物從一個(gè)地方轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)地方。

The company is going to transfer him to Shanghai next month. 公司下個(gè)月將把他調(diào)任至上海。

She doesn't want to be transferred because her husband is against moving to another city. 她不愿意接受調(diào)動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗恼煞蚍磳Π崛テ渌鞘小?/p>

He wants to be transferred back to engineering because he hates paperwork .

To motivate: to get someone interested and excited about doing something. 激勵(lì)：讓某人對做某事產(chǎn)生興趣和熱情。

She's really good at motivating her employees. 她非常擅長激勵(lì)自己的員工。

One way to motivate someone is to encourage them by giving constructive feedback. 激勵(lì)他人的一種方式是通過給予建設(shè)性反饋來鼓勵(lì)他們。

They aren't working hard enough because they aren't being motivated.

To postpone: to delay or put off something until a later date. 推遲：將某事延遲或安排到更晚的日期。

We had to postpone the presentation, because she wasn't ready to give it. 我們不得不推遲這次演示，因?yàn)樗€沒有準(zhǔn)備好進(jìn)行演講。

We can't continue to postpone the meeting or they will cancel it completely. 我們不能繼續(xù)推遲這次會(huì)議，否則他們會(huì)完全取消它。

We can't?postpone?launching the product, so everyone will have to work harder to meet the?deadline.

To evade: to escape or avoid something. 逃避：指逃脫或避開某事物。

They are trying to evade taking responsibility for their failure. 他們正試圖逃避為失敗承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

He was arrested for tax evasion. 他因逃稅而被逮捕。

The hackers broke into the computer and evaded detection until it was too late to catch them.

To delay or put off something until a later date??to postpone.

To move someone or something to another location.

To postpone something means to put it off until later .

To motivate someone means to get them to care about their work .?

She doesn't want to be transferred , because her husband is against moving to another city .

We can't continue to postpone the meeting or they will cancel it completely .

If we don't promote him, he'll probably be upset.

She's really good at motivating her employees.

He was arrested for tax evasion.

L5-U2-P2-4 Vocabulary : Verbs for Business 2商業(yè)動(dòng)詞 2

To assign: to give someone a task to do. 指派：給予某人一項(xiàng)任務(wù)去完成。

His boss assigned him to increase sales by fifty percent (50%). 他的上司指派他將銷售額提高百分之五十。

Her company assigned her to find out more about the competition. 她的公司派她去深入了解競爭對手的情況。

His department was the one which was?assigned?to?complete?the project, so our?department wasn't?involved.

To penalize: to fine or punish someone for doing something wrong. 處罰：因某人做錯(cuò)事而對其罰款或懲罰。

They were penalized for breaking the rules. 他們因違反規(guī)定而受到了處罰。

You will be penalized if you are late. 如果你遲到，將會(huì)受到處罰。

We knew we would be penalized, but the penalty was unfair, so we dropped out of the competition.

To lay off: to fire or sack a worker because business is bad. 裁員：因經(jīng)營不善而解雇員工。

The company was failing, so he was laid off. 公司經(jīng)營不善，因此他被裁退了。

Our company had to lay off 50% of our employees. 我們公司不得不裁減50%的員工。

A company may have to lay off workers when business is bad. 當(dāng)業(yè)務(wù)不景氣時(shí)，公司可能不得不進(jìn)行裁員。

She was laid off, not fired, so it should be easier for her to find a new job.

To recruit: to look for new employees to hire. 招聘：尋找新員工進(jìn)行雇用。

They are expanding their business and recruiting new employees. 他們正在擴(kuò)展業(yè)務(wù)并招聘新員工。

She joined the company after she was recruited at a job fair. 她在招聘會(huì)上被錄用后加入了這家公司。

She was recruited to work for a recruiting company , but now she's being laid off.?

To resign: to voluntarily quit one's job. 辭職：主動(dòng)離開自己的工作崗位。

His boss didn't like him, so he was asked to resign. 他的上司不喜歡他，所以他被要求辭職。

She resigned from her job because of health reasons. 她因健康原因辭去了工作。

He wanted to resign, but he needed to stay on for another year to complete the project.

To fire or sack a worker because business is bad .

What do companies do if they want to hire new employees?

A company may have to lay off workers when business is bad .

She joined the company after she was recruited at a job fair.

Her company?assigned?her to?find out?more about the?competition.

They are expanding their business and recruiting new employees .

She has decided?to?resign?because she wants to?spend?more time with her family.

He didn't want to be transferred so he decided to resign and work for a competitor.

To fine or punish someone for doing something wrong??to penalize.

To voluntarily quit one's job?to resign.

L5-U2-P2-5 Dialogue :?Thoughts in Love

M: WOW, you look different today.

哇，你今天看起來不太一樣。

W: You mean more beautiful??

是說我更美了嗎？

M: What's with all the makeup??

怎么化了這么濃的妝？

W: I felt like dressing up today. Don't you like it??

今天就是想打扮一下。你不喜歡嗎？

M: Do you want me to be honest??

要我說實(shí)話嗎？

W: Of course, but I know you. You are so old fashioned.?

當(dāng)然，不過我了解你，你太老派了。

M: I just think you don't need so much makeup to look beautiful.?

我只是覺得你不用化這么濃的妝也很美。

That lipstick is like a fire engine.?

那口紅紅得像消防車似的。

W: Well, not everyone agrees with you.?

哎，又不是每個(gè)人都和你看法一樣。

And I like looking different once in a while.?

而且我喜歡偶爾換種形象。

Why is she wearing so much makeup today?-She felt like dressing up today.

Do you want me to be honest?

That lipstick is like a fire engine.

M: I'm glad I'm not a woman.

男：真慶幸我不是女人。

There are too many things to deal with.?

要應(yīng)付的事情太多了。

W: Yes, you wouldn't be good at it.?

女：是啊，你肯定做不好的。

You always wear the same old clothes, it's boring.?

你總穿那幾件舊衣服，太無趣了。

M: Maybe it's boring, but it's comfortable.?

男：也許無趣，但很舒服。

W: You're never going to find a new girlfriend if you don't change.?

女：你再不改變，永遠(yuǎn)別想找到新女友。

M: I'm not interested in women anymore, you know that, there is nothing but trouble.?

男：我已經(jīng)對女人沒興趣了，你知道的——除了麻煩還是麻煩。

What reason does he give for not being intrested in women?-He says women are too much trouble.

What wouldn't he be good at? -being a woman

W: Am I trouble?

女：難道我也是麻煩嗎？

M: You and I are just opposites.?

男：你和我只是截然不同。

You are always doing something new, and I would rather just relax.?

你總在嘗試新事物，而我更愿意放松自己。

W: You sound like an old man. You need to act younger. You need to be more exciting.?

女：你說話像個(gè)老頭子。你應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)得更年輕些，更有活力些。

M: And then what? Find my soulmate??

男：然后呢？尋找靈魂伴侶嗎？

W: Really, you sound so cynical. Don't you believe in love??

女：說真的，你聽起來太憤世嫉俗了。難道你不相信愛情嗎？

M: Sure, in the movies maybe.?

男：當(dāng)然相信，不過可能只存在于電影里。

You and I are just?opposites. You are always doing something new, and I?would rather?just?relax.

How would you describe their personalities?-They are quite different.

M: Love is an illusion. It never lasts, and once it starts just difficult to break off.

男：愛情不過是幻象。它從未長久，且一旦開始便難以掙脫。

W: Your problem is that you expect too much from love. You are too romantic. You need to be more practical.?

女：你的問題在于對愛情期望過高。你太浪漫主義了，需要更現(xiàn)實(shí)些。

M: I thought you were the romantic one.?

男：我還以為你才是浪漫主義者呢。

W: I have a romantic side, yes, but I'm practical. My man has got to be good looking, well-dressed and hopefully rich.?

女：我有浪漫的一面，但也很現(xiàn)實(shí)。我的男人必須英俊、穿著得體，最好還富有。

M: Ah ha, then that lets me out.?

男：啊哈，那可以直接把我排除了。

W: Yes, you've got a lot to learn.?

女：沒錯(cuò)，你還有很多要學(xué)的呢。

I have aromantic?side, yes, but I'm practical. My manhas?got to be good-looking, well dressed and hopefullyrich. Ah ha, thenthat?lets meout.

Really, you sound so cynical.

There are too many things to deal with .

You need to be more exciting.

W: Now, where are we going for dinner? Somewhere expensive?

女：好了，我們晚餐去哪兒吃？找個(gè)貴點(diǎn)的地方？

M: OK, you've convinced me that your makeup isn't so bad. But I think it's your turn to pay.?

男：好吧，你讓我相信你的妝容沒那么糟糕了。但我覺得該你請客了。

W: That's what you think.?

女：你想得美。

Ok, you'veconvincedme that your makeup isn't so bad.

He cares a lot about fashion.

What kind of place are they going for dinner?- Somewhere expensive

They'll?split the bill.

You need to be more practical.

I have a romantic side, yes, but I'm practical.

Their personalities are quite different, almost complete opposites.

My man has got to be good looking, well-dressed and hopefully rich.