1. 為何要進行免疫分型相關(guān)研究?
隨著二代測序和單細胞測序技術(shù)和發(fā)展,對于腫瘤免疫學(xué)治療的關(guān)注度不斷提高,也取得了較好的成績,給許多晚期腫瘤患者帶來了希望。然而并不是所有患者都可獲益于免疫治療,因此有必要探索免疫表型,篩選可能受益于免疫治療的優(yōu)勢人群,以及篩選合適的生物學(xué)標志物用于監(jiān)測治療療效。簡單說:通過精準評估腫瘤的免疫微環(huán)境(如免疫評分模型等),可以更好地預(yù)測(指導(dǎo))免疫治療的療效。
2. 廣泛認可的腫瘤三大免疫分型
- 免疫浸潤型(Infiltrated):CD8+ T細胞可以浸潤到腫瘤內(nèi)部。
- 免疫排斥型(Excluded):雖然也有較高的CD8+ T細胞浸潤程度,但都是集中在腫瘤外圍。
- 免疫沙漠型(Desert):其中CD8+T細胞要么不存在,要么數(shù)量很少。
3. 星星之火可以燎原
隨著PD-1/PD-L1獲批以來,免疫微環(huán)境、腫瘤微環(huán)境、免疫浸潤等概念深入科研狗心,近兩年多維度評估免疫微環(huán)境類相關(guān)文章如雨后春筍(ps:仔細觀察此類文章的來源,會有驚喜,相信懂的人自然懂)。時勢造英雄,沒上車的抓緊時間還有機會上車。如下圖可見,通過簡單檢索“cancer immune subtype”,可見相關(guān)文章也是在不斷爬升。

4. 免疫相關(guān)文章推薦
- An immunogenomic signature for molecular classification in hepatocellular carcinoma
- A Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Model for Response to Immunotherapy and Survival in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma
- Analysis of immune-related signatures of lung adenocarcinoma identified two distinct subtypes: implications for immune checkpoint blockade therapy
- Association of Long Noncoding RNA Biomarkers With Clinical Immune Subtype and Prediction of Immunotherapy Response in Patients With Cancer
- Identification of gastric cancer subtypes based on pathway clustering
- Immune Infiltration Subtypes Characterization and Identification of Prognosis-Related lncRNAs in Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction
- Integrated digital pathology and transcriptome analysis identifies molecular mediators of T-cell exclusion in ovarian cancer
- Lung metastases share common immune features regardless of primary tumor origin
- The immune subtypes and landscape of squamous cell carcinoma
- The Immunoscore: Colon Cancer and Beyond
仔細研讀,萬物皆可結(jié)合。m6A、鐵死亡、細胞焦亡、腫瘤相關(guān)成纖維細胞.....結(jié)合免疫分型,不是夢!
5. 免疫分型常見套路:
5.1 CIBERSOFT+ConsensusClusterPlus
對CIBERSOFT量化后的22種免疫細胞比例,采用ConsensusClusterPlus算法進行無監(jiān)督分類分析。
A Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Model for Response to Immunotherapy and Survival in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma文中,作者通過ConsensusClusterPlus算法將樣本分為5個組別,再分別對五個組的immune score, stromal score, and tumor purity 評分。然后根據(jù)各組之間的免疫浸潤水平,將樣本定義冷熱腫瘤兩型,最后比較兩型之間的區(qū)別。
5.2 ssGSEA+PCA:
利用免疫基因list,采用ssGSEA評分得到每個免疫相關(guān)通路。
An immunogenomic signature for molecular classification in hepatocellular carcinoma 文中,通過對sGSEA score進行PCA分析,定義了三個免疫亞型。
5.3 CIBERSORT+生存分析:
通過CIBERSORT量化免疫細胞比例—對免疫細胞行生存分析—劃分為高風(fēng)險組、低風(fēng)險組—即為該研究的免疫分組(前提是兩組之間符合生物學(xué)意義)
Development of an Immune Infiltration-Related Prognostic Scoring System Based on the Genomic Landscape Analysis of Glioblastoma Multiforme
5.4 免疫基因表達譜+ConsensusClusterPlus
利用免疫相關(guān)基因(如IMMPORT)表達譜,進行ConsensusClusterPlus算法進行無監(jiān)督分類分析
5.5 免疫分型常用的R包
- ConsensusClusterPlus:最多
- CancerSubtypes
- ImmuneSubtypeClassifier
- PCA
6. 免疫分型后
常規(guī)煎餅果子來一套:組別之間的DNA、RNA、甲基化、蛋白水平多組學(xué)層面的分析,更有靠近免疫治療的TMB、MSI、免疫檢查點、趨化因子等分析,也可結(jié)合單基因進行單基因研究。重要的是對結(jié)果的解釋,需要有足夠的免疫學(xué)、生物學(xué)背景。