"工欲善其事必先利其器", 作為一個PAAS平臺架構(gòu)師, 容器相關(guān)技術(shù)(docker, k8s等)是必不可少的. 本文簡單介紹下我自己的Linux操作機配置. 提升工作效率, 提高使用體驗. :heart::heart::heart:
:exclamation: 注意:
本文以CentOS 7.6 為例, RHEL7.6 操作類似.
Ubuntu系統(tǒng)操作可以觸類旁通. 沒啥難度.
另外下文中會有一些"可選"項, 主要是針對一些特殊情況, 如: 需要通過代理連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)...
更換OS 軟件安裝源
目的: 加快軟件下載速度.
可以換成: 阿里, 騰訊, 清華, 中科大...的源.
以清華Mirror為例, 操作步驟如下:
:bookmark: 參考文章:
清華大學(xué)開源軟件鏡像站 - CentOS 鏡像使用幫助https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/centos/
操作步驟
-
先備份 CentOS-Base.repo
sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak -
用下面內(nèi)容覆蓋
CentOS-Base.repo# CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # # [base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-7 #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-7 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-7 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-7 -
更新軟件包緩存
sudo yum makecache
配置代理(可選)
sudo vi /etc/profile.d/setproxy.sh
#!/bin/sh
# for terminal
export proxyserveraddr=127.0.0.1
export proxyserverport=8080
export HTTP_PROXY="http://$proxyserveraddr:$proxyserverport/"
export HTTPS_PROXY="http://$proxyserveraddr:$proxyserverport/"
# export FTP_PROXY="ftp://$proxyserveraddr:$proxyserverport/"
# export SOCKS_PROXY="socks://$proxyserveraddr:$proxyserverport/"
export NO_PROXY="localhost,127.0.0.1,localaddress,.localdomain.com"
export http_proxy="http://$proxyserveraddr:$proxyserverport/"
export https_proxy="http://$proxyserveraddr:$proxyserverport/"
# export ftp_proxy="ftp://$proxyserveraddr:$proxyserverport/"
# export socks_proxy="socks://$proxyserveraddr:$proxyserverport/"
export no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,localaddress,.localdomain.com"
sudo source /etc/profile.d/setproxy.sh
YUM配置代理
echo "proxy=http://127.0.0.1:8080" >> /etc/yum.conf
安裝及配置Git
目的: 使用Git, 畢竟很多資料、代碼庫和軟件都需要通過git clone
步驟
sudo yum install -y git配置全局用戶:
git config --global user.name "<username>"配置全局email:
git config --global user.email "<username@example.com>"-
(可選): 配置ssh認證
- :bookmark: 參考文檔: GitHub - 使用 SSH 連接到 GitHub https://docs.github.com/cn/github/authenticating-to-github/connecting-to-github-with-ssh
-
(可選): 配置代理Proxy
# 查看當前代理設(shè)置 git config --global http.proxy # 設(shè)置當前代理為 http://127.0.0.1::8080 或 socket5://127.0.0.1::8080 git config --global http.proxy 'http://127.0.0.1::8080' git config --global https.proxy 'http://127.0.0.1::8080' git config --global http.proxy 'socks5://127.0.0.1::8080' git config --global https.proxy 'socks5://127.0.0.1::8080' # 刪除 proxy git config --global --unset http.proxy git config --global --unset https.proxy (可選): 配置Proxy Bypass, 如對應(yīng)倉庫的origin需要Bypass:
git config --add remote.origin.proxy ""
優(yōu)化配置Shell
目的: zsh + plugins, 提供豐富而友好的shell體驗. 如: 語法高亮, 自動補全, 自動建議, 容器相關(guān)插件...
安裝zsh
sudo yum install -y zsh
zsh --version
sudo chsh -s $(which zsh)
# 注銷
安裝 powerline
可以通過pip安裝:
pip install powerline-status
:bookmark: 參考文章:
powerline - Installation: https://powerline.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html#pip-installation
安裝 oh-my-zsh
sh -c "$(wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"
:warning: 注意:
如果連不上: <raw.githubusercontent.com>, 就從github對應(yīng)的地址: https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/blob/master/tools/install.sh把腳本復(fù)制下來運行.
安裝zsh插件: zsh-autosuggestions 和 zsh-syntax-highlighting
:bookmark: 參考文檔:
- zsh-syntax-highlighting INSTALL.md: https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting/blob/master/INSTALL.md
zsh-syntax-highlighting
- clone:
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting - 在
~/.zshrc激活插件:plugins=( [plugins...] zsh-syntax-highlighting) - 重啟zsh
zsh-autosuggestions
- clone:
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions - 在
~/.zshrc激活插件:plugins=( [plugins...] zsh-autosuggestions) - 重啟zsh
使用 oh-my-zsh
編輯zshrc文件: vi ~/.zshrc
# 修改主題
ZSH_THEME="agnoster"
# 啟用插件
plugins=(
git
ansible
docker-compose
docker
helm
kubectl
minikube
oc
pip
python
ubuntu
zsh-autosuggestions
zsh-syntax-highlighting
)
:notebook: 備注:
- helm: k8s上的鏡像包管理工具
- minikube: 最小化K8S安裝工具
- oc: K8S的RedHat商業(yè)發(fā)行版(OpenShift)的命令行工具
最終效果

按需安裝常用軟件
目的: 根據(jù)自己需要, 按需安裝常用軟件和工具
sudo yum -y install dnsmasq httpd haproxy nginx \
python3 \
genisoimage libguestfs-tools
按需配置服務(wù)和開機自啟動:
systemctl enable haproxy.service
systemctl start haproxy.service
...
安裝jq, jq安裝鏈接https://stedolan.github.io/jq/download/. JQ是個json格式化命令行工具, 在日常管理K8S中很有用.
安裝容器類組件
docker全家桶
建議直接安裝docker全家桶, 省心省力
:bookmark: 參考文檔:
Install Docker Engine on CentOS: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/
-
卸載老版本:
$ sudo yum remove docker \ docker-client \ docker-client-latest \ docker-common \ docker-latest \ docker-latest-logrotate \ docker-logrotate \ docker-engine -
配置REPOSITORY
$ sudo yum install -y yum-utils $ sudo yum-config-manager \ --add-repo \ https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -
安裝:
$ sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io -
啟動:
$ sudo systemctl start docker -
驗證:
$ sudo docker run hello-world
其他開源組件
對于RedHat系, 可能要安裝多個組件替代:
sudo yum -y install buildah podman skopeo
:notebook: 備注:
- buildah: 構(gòu)建容器鏡像的組件
- podman: 運行容器鏡像的組件
- skopeo: 傳輸移動容器鏡像的組件
安裝 kubectl
官方安裝文檔: https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/
- 下載:
curl -LO "https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl" - 標記
kubectl文件為可執(zhí)行:chmod +x ./kubectl - 將文件放到 PATH 路徑下:
sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl - 測試你所安裝的版本是最新的:
kubectl version --client
安裝 minikube 或 kind
這里以 minikube 為例:
官方安裝文檔: https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/
:warning: 需要強調(diào)的是:
- 看中文文檔
- :notebook: 說明: 由于國內(nèi)無法直接連接 k8s.gcr.io,推薦使用阿里云鏡像倉庫,在
minikube start中添加--image-repository參數(shù)。 - 示例:
minikube start --vm-driver=<驅(qū)動名稱> --image-repository=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
安裝 helm v3
二進制CLI下載地址https://github.com/helm/helm/releases/latest
安裝源文檔: https://helm.sh/docs/intro/install/
$ curl -fsSL -o get_helm.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/helm/helm/master/scripts/get-helm-3
$ chmod 700 get_helm.sh
$ ./get_helm.sh
安裝OpenShift 命令行 oc
直接下載二進制CLI安裝: https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/oc/
安裝OpenShift for Developer命令行odo
直接下載二進制CLI安裝:https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/odo/latest/
安裝 Tekton - K8S原生CI/CD工具
CLI工具叫做tkn, 官方文檔: https://github.com/tektoncd/cli
安裝:
# Get the tar.xz
curl -LO https://github.com/tektoncd/cli/releases/download/v0.12.0/tkn_0.12.0_Darwin_x86_64.tar.gz
# Extract tkn to your PATH (e.g. /usr/local/bin)
sudo tar xvzf tkn_0.12.0_Darwin_x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin tkn
完
當然, golang 環(huán)境也是必不可少的.
最后祝大家用的順手! :muscle::muscle::muscle:
本文由東風微鳴技術(shù)博客 EWhisper.cn 編寫!