1. 認(rèn)識這個詞（基礎(chǔ)篇）

詞：toughen

?英英釋義：to become more strict, or to make something more strict

例句：The new law toughens (up) penalties and restrictions for DUI offenders.

?2. 體會這個詞 （進(jìn)階篇）

?我們熟悉“tough”的意思是“艱難的” “（政策或行動）強(qiáng)硬的”，和很多形容詞一樣，它可以通過添加詞綴變成動詞 toughen，表示“加強(qiáng)”。 當(dāng)我們想表達(dá)“make something more strict”的時候，就可以用更簡潔的 toughen 來表示。比如，中國已經(jīng)加強(qiáng)了對虛擬貨幣交易的控制：

?Chinese authorities have toughened their control of cryptocurrency trading.

政府已經(jīng)出臺了新政策，加強(qiáng)電動車使用的規(guī)定：

?The government has issued new policies to toughen the rules about using electric scooters.

?toughen 也經(jīng)常用作 toughen up，上面例句中的 toughen 都可以換成 toughen up。比如我們想說，新法規(guī)加強(qiáng)了對酒駕者的處罰和限制，就可以說成：

The new law toughens up penalties and restrictions for DUI offenders.

（DUI 是 Driving under the influence 的縮寫，就是我們常說的“酒駕”） 我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，toughen 后面常接有關(guān)政策（policy）、規(guī)章（rule）、懲罰（penalty/punishment）的名詞。最新一期的《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》封面文章中也出現(xiàn)了 toughen：

?Mr Trump and his administration have got three things right. The first is that America needs to be strong. It has toughened the rules on takeovers, to give more right to national security.

3. 從認(rèn)識到會用（作業(yè)） 1）翻譯下面的句子： 政府逐漸加強(qiáng)了對網(wǎng)約車的管制和處罰。

（參考翻譯：The government has gradually toughened regulations and punishments on car-hailing services.）

2）結(jié)合自己的生活、學(xué)習(xí)、工作、興趣等，先想象在什么語境下會用到這個表達(dá)，然后再進(jìn)行造句。

場景：生活

?造句： The victious leader and his administration have toughened their control of freedom speech of people since he rised to power.