Types of Wars
Civil wars are fought between citizens of the same country and are fought within the country.
If citizens of a country disagree about a policy or leader, they may fight a civil war.
譯文：內(nèi)戰(zhàn)發(fā)生在同一個國家的公民之間，也發(fā)生在這個國家內(nèi)部。如果一個國家的公民對政策或領導人意見不一，他們可能會打一場內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。
A world war is fought when countries form alliances, and these alliances fight each other.
A world war involves many or most of the world's most powerful countries.
There were two world wars in the 20th century.
譯文：當國家結成聯(lián)盟時，世界大戰(zhàn)就開始了，而這些聯(lián)盟又互相打仗。世界大戰(zhàn)涉及世界上許多或大多數(shù)最強的國家。20世紀有兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。
Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries.
Terrorists may come from different countries and they may share the same beliefs.
Terrorists often use car bombings ['bɑm??s] and suicide attacks on innocent (['?n?snt] 無辜的；無罪的) people.
A terrorist attack can happen at any time and any place.
譯文：恐怖主義涉及的是個人團體，而不是國家?？植婪肿涌赡軄碜圆煌膰遥麄兛赡苡幸粯拥男叛?。恐怖分子經(jīng)常用汽車炸彈和自殺式襲擊無辜人群?？植酪u擊隨時隨地都可能發(fā)生。
An invasion occurs when one country attacks another.
It sends its army into the other country and attempts to take control.
One of the most famous invasions was when France invaded Russia in 1812.
譯文：當一個國家攻擊另一個國家時，侵略就發(fā)生了。它派遣軍隊進入另一個國家，并妄圖控制。最著名的入侵之一是1812年法國入侵俄羅斯。
A defensive war occurs when a country is attacked and needs to defend itself.
Most countries have a military so that it can defend itself if it's attacked.
When France invaded Russia in 1812, the Russian army fought a defensive war and defeated the French army.
譯文：當一個國家受到攻擊需要自衛(wèi)時，就會發(fā)生防御性戰(zhàn)爭。大多數(shù)國家都有軍隊，這樣一旦受到攻擊，軍隊就可以自衛(wèi)。1812年法國入侵俄國時，俄國軍隊打了一場防御戰(zhàn)，最終打敗了法國軍隊。
Exercise:
1.— What happens when citizens of a country fight each other?
? — Civil wars are fought between citizens of the same country and are fought within the country.
2.— What is it when one country sends its army into another country?
? — An invasion occurs when one country attacks another.
3.— What of war did Russia fight when it was invaded by France?
? — When France invaded Russia in 1812, the Russian army fought a defensive war and defeated the French army.
4.— What of war involves many countries?
? — A world war involves many or most of the world's most powerful countries.
5.— What involves groups of individuals rather than countries?
? — Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries.
6. If citizens of a country disagree about a policy or leader, they may fight a civil war.
7. Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries.
8. A defensive war occurs when a country is attacked and needs to defend itself.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1. If citizens of a country disagree about a policy or leader, they may fight a civil war.
2. Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries.
3. An invasion occurs when one country attacks another.
4. Civil wars are fought between citizens of the same country and are fought within the country.
5. Terrorists may come from different countries and they may share the same beliefs.
Biology Terms
A cell is the basic unit of life.
A cell is the smallest structure that can live and reproduce.
Cells grow and develop, reproduce and interact with the environment.
譯文：細胞是生命的基本單位。細胞是能夠生存和繁殖的最小的結構。細胞生長、發(fā)育、繁殖并與環(huán)境相互作用。
Photosynthesis [,foto's?nθ?s?s] is one of the most important biological [,ba??'lɑd??kl] processes.
It allows plants to capture and use light as an energy source.
Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.
譯文：光合作用是最重要的生物過程之一。它允許植物捕捉和利用光作為能源。光合作用是把光能轉化為化學能的過程。
A virus is a small biological structure that attacks and enters cells.
Once inside a cell, a virus reproduces and makes many copies of itself.
Some diseases such as influenza are viruses.
譯文：病毒是攻擊并進入細胞的小型生物結構。一旦進入細胞，病毒就會自我繁殖并復制很多自身的副本。有些疾病如流感是病毒。
Bacteria are one-celled forms of life that are all around us.
Although they have a single-cell structure, they are very important.
Many bacteria are inside us and help us digest our food.
譯文：細菌是生活在我們周圍的單細胞生物。雖然它們是單細胞結構，但它們非常重要。許多細菌在我們體內(nèi)，幫助我們消化食物。
DNA is a complex molecule that stores information and can make copies of itself.
Nearly every cell in a person's body has the same DNA.
The information stored in DNA tells cells what to do and is necessary [?n?s??s?ri] for reproduction.
譯文：DNA是一種復雜的分子，它儲存信息并能自我復制。人體內(nèi)幾乎每個細胞都有相同的DNA。儲存在DNA中的信息告訴細胞該做什么，這是繁殖所必需的。
Exercise:
1.— What biological structure attacks and enters cells?
? — A virus is a small biological structure that attacks and enters cells.
2.— What complex molecule stores information about who and what we are?
? — DNA is a complex molecule that stores information and can make copies of itself.
3.— What is the basic unit of life?
? — A cell is the basic unit of life.
4.— What process allows plants to use light as an energy source?
? — Photosynthesis allows plants to capture and use light as an energy source.
5.— What are one-celled forms of life?
? — Bacteria are one-celled forms of life that are all around us.
6. A cell is the smallest structure that can live and reproduce.
7. A virus is a small biological structure that attacks and enters cells.
8. Many bacteria are inside us and help us digest our food.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1. A cell is the basic unit of life.
2. Some diseases such as influenza are viruses.
3. Many bacteria are inside us and help us digest our food.
4. A cell is the smallest structure that can live and reproduce.
5. Although they have a single-cell structure, they are very important.
