昨晚阿里云不知搞得啥活動,就入手了一臺香港的云服務(wù)器,買了三年,價格也是很便宜,今天就給它搭建了一個lnmp環(huán)境,在搭建過程中遇到了好多的問題,下面就安裝過程和問題做一些簡單的整理。
nginx:
創(chuàng)建nginx的用戶和組(否則會啟動失敗)
# groupadd nginx
# useradd -r -g nginx nginx
準(zhǔn)備nginx的環(huán)境:
# yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
# yum -y install gcc wget gcc-c++ automake autoconf libtool libxml2-devel libxslt-devel perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed pcre-devel openssl-devel
# cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.1
# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-pcre \
--with-http_v2_module \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_addition_module \
--with-http_sub_module \
--with-http_dav_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_mp4_module \
--with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_random_index_module \
--with-http_secure_link_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_auth_request_module \
--with-mail \
--with-mail_ssl_module \
--with-file-aio \
--with-threads \
--with-stream \
--with-stream_ssl_module
# make && make install
# mkdir -pv /var/tmp/nginx/client
至此安裝完畢,下面做一些善后工作:
創(chuàng)建nginx的啟動腳本:
# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig:? - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#? ? ? ? ? ? ? proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config:? ? ? /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config:? ? ? /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile:? ? /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
killall -9 nginx
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
# chkconfig --add nginx
# chkconfgi nginx on
nginx的所有工作已經(jīng)完畢,下面就是測試工作,可以自行完成!
mysql:
安裝以來環(huán)境包:
# yum groupinstall "Server Platform Development"? "Development tools" -y
# yum install cmake -y
創(chuàng)建組和用戶:
# mkdir /mnt/data
# groupadd -r mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
# id mysql
修改屬主和屬組:
# chown -R mysql:mysql /mnt/data
cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.35
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mnt/data \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_ZLIB=system \
-DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
# make && make install
修改安裝目錄的屬組為mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫
# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mnt/data
注:在CentOS 6.5版操作系統(tǒng)的最小安裝完成后,在/etc目錄下會存在一個my.cnf,需要將此文件更名為其他的名字,如:/etc/my.cnf.bak,否則,該文件會干擾源碼安裝的MySQL的正確配置,造成無法啟動,另外如果初始化失敗了,需要注意兩點(diǎn),一是需要修改my.cnf的名字,二是需要將--datadir=/mnt/data換成--basedir=/usr/local/mysql,然后再去執(zhí)行初始化動作即可。如果后面MySQL還是起不來,可以將/etc/my.cnf刪掉或改名,然后重新執(zhí)行初始化操作,這時MySQL應(yīng)該就會啟動
拷貝配置文件和啟動腳本
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
設(shè)置開機(jī)自動啟動
# chkconfig mysqld? on
# chkconfig --add mysqld
修改配置文件中的安裝路徑及數(shù)據(jù)目錄存放路徑
# echo -e "basedir = /usr/local/mysql\ndatadir = /mnt/data\n" >> /etc/my.cnf
設(shè)置PATH環(huán)境變量
# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
啟動服務(wù)
# service mysqld start
# mysql -h 127.0.0.1
配置php-fpm
Nginx本身不能處理PHP,作為web服務(wù)器,當(dāng)它接收到請求后,不支持對外部程序的直接調(diào)用或者解析,必須通過FastCGI進(jìn)行調(diào)用。如果是PHP請求,則交給PHP解釋器處理,并把結(jié)果返回給客戶端。PHP-FPM是支持解析php的一個FastCGI進(jìn)程管理器。提供了更好管理PHP進(jìn)程的方式,可以有效控制內(nèi)存和進(jìn)程、可以平滑重載PHP配置。
安裝依賴環(huán)境:
# yum install -y epel-release
# yum -y install libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mhash mhash-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel
注意:centos6默認(rèn)的yum源是沒有l(wèi)ibmcrypt-devel包的,需要先安裝epel才可以?。?!
# cd /usr/local/src/php-5.5.38
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--with-openssl \
-enable-xml \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-fpm \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-bz2
# make && make install
注意:如果在編譯安裝PHP時,如果出現(xiàn)報錯:
make: *** [ext/fileinfo/libmagic/apprentice.lo] 錯誤 1
是因?yàn)閮?nèi)存不足1G導(dǎo)致,可以在編譯時添加--disable-fileinfo(添加在指定安裝路徑后面),重新編譯即可?。?!
添加php和php-fpm配置文件
# cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.23/php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
# cd /usr/local/php/etc/
# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
# sed -i 's@;pid = run/php-fpm.pid@pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid@' php-fpm.conf
添加php-fpm啟動腳本
# cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.23/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
添加php-fpm至服務(wù)列表并設(shè)置開機(jī)自啟
# chkconfig --add php-fpm
# chkconfig --list php-fpm
# chkconfig php-fpm on
啟動服務(wù)
# service php-fpm start
添加nginx對fastcgi的支持,首先備份默認(rèn)的配置文件
# cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.confbak
# cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
編輯/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,在所支持的主頁面格式中添加php格式的主頁,類似如下
location / {
root? /usr/local/nginx/html;
index? index.php index.html index.htm;
}
取消以下內(nèi)容前面的注釋:
location ~ \.php$ {
root? ? ? ? ? /usr/local/nginx/html;
fastcgi_pass? ? 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index? index.php;
fastcgi_param? SCRIPT_FILENAME? /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include? ? ? ? fastcgi_params;
}
重新載入nginx的配置文件。
# service nginx reload
在/usr/local/nginx/html/新建index.php的測試頁面,內(nèi)容如下。
# cat index.php
lnmp搭建完畢,測試即可