科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)國際登 記日內(nèi)瓦條約》(Genava Treaty on the International Recording of Scientific Discoveries)。1978年3月由保 加利亞等幾個國家簽訂于瑞士日內(nèi)瓦。 該條約目的在于通過對不為專利法保護的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)及 作者的“發(fā)現(xiàn)者”權(quán)利提供保護和登記并得到國際承 認,促進科技進步和這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的利用。條約要求建立 “科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)國際登記簿”,對科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)者及科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的 內(nèi)容進行登記并公告。申請登記的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)者必須是 自然人,而不能是法人。其他人對發(fā)現(xiàn)也作了工作的, 登記時須注明其所作的工作?？茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)者必須在完成 科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)后10年內(nèi)提出申請。負責(zé)進行登記的世界知 識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織國際局對申請進行形式審查。你知道科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)也能被國際登記嗎？1978年，日內(nèi)瓦條約讓這一夢想成真。想象一下，你的新發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅能得到國際認可，還能保障你的權(quán)利和自由。這不是夢，這是科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)國際登記程序！它定義了科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，并規(guī)定了如何在全球范圍內(nèi)公正記錄和共享這些知識。任何國家的公民或居民都可以申請，只需提供發(fā)現(xiàn)人的詳細信息和科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的描述。國際局會頒發(fā)證書，并在公報中公布，讓全世界都能看到你的成就?？茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)國際注冊具有多方面的重要意義和作用：首先，它確立了發(fā)現(xiàn)的優(yōu)先權(quán)。在科學(xué)界，誰首先做出了某個重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)往往至關(guān)重要。通過國際注冊，可以明確地記錄發(fā)現(xiàn)的時間和提出者，避免后續(xù)可能出現(xiàn)的優(yōu)先權(quán)爭議。其次，有助于促進科學(xué)交流與合作。注冊的信息可以在國際范圍內(nèi)公開，使其他科研人員能夠及時了解到最新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，從而激發(fā)新的研究思路和合作機會。再者，增強了科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的可信度和權(quán)威性。經(jīng)過國際注冊的發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)過了一定的審核和認證程序，能夠讓學(xué)術(shù)界和社會更認可和信任這些成果。此外，還能為科研人員提供一定的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護。雖然科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)本身的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護方式與技術(shù)發(fā)明有所不同，但注冊可以在一定程度上為發(fā)現(xiàn)者的聲譽和后續(xù)研究的開展提供保障。最后，對于科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的推廣和應(yīng)用也具有積極作用。注冊使得相關(guān)發(fā)現(xiàn)更容易被產(chǎn)業(yè)界和社會各界所知曉，加速其轉(zhuǎn)化為實際的應(yīng)用和社會效益。1978年3月3日在日內(nèi)瓦通過各締約國，考慮到建立世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織公約第二條第（Ⅷ）項關(guān)于科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的規(guī)定，希望建立一知識產(chǎn)種制度，把發(fā)現(xiàn)人的姓名與其科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)一起予以公布，不加歧視地對發(fā)現(xiàn)人給予鼓勵，以促進科學(xué)的發(fā)展，希望建立一種制度，使科學(xué)界和全世界可得參考新科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容，以促進上述科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的情報交流，使科學(xué)界以及全世界受益，考慮到科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)國際登記制度在促進科學(xué)情報的交流方面，符合各國特別是發(fā)展中國家的利益，決定締結(jié)一項條約，在世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織的機構(gòu)內(nèi)，建立科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)國際登記制度。中文名科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)國際登　科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)國際登記日內(nèi)瓦條約【分　類】　知識產(chǎn)權(quán)【時 效 性】科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)國際登記日內(nèi)瓦條約達成協(xié)議如下：內(nèi)容第一條　定義（1）?。ǘx）　在本條約中：（Ⅰ）　“科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)”指對迄今尚未被認識和尚不能證實的物質(zhì)世界的現(xiàn)象、性質(zhì)或規(guī)律的認識；（Ⅱ）　“發(fā)現(xiàn)人”指本人通過觀察、研究、試驗或推理并以明確方式得出其認識而完成一項科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的自然人；幾個自然人在作出科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)過程中共同完成上述要求的，提到發(fā)現(xiàn)人時應(yīng)視為提到所有的發(fā)現(xiàn)人；（Ⅲ）　“國際登記”指由國際局在該局所保存的國際科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)登記薄中對科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的說明和其他規(guī)定細節(jié)進行登記的行為和結(jié)果；（Ⅳ）　“申請”指國際登記的申請；（Ⅴ）　“申請人”指提出申請的自然人或法人；（Ⅵ）　“發(fā)現(xiàn)日期”指科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)第一次發(fā)表或公布于眾的日期；（Ⅶ）　“締約國”指締結(jié)本條約的國家；（Ⅷ）　“大會”指第十二條所述的大會；（Ⅸ）　“本組織”指世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織；（Ⅹ）　“國際局”指本組織的國際局；（Ⅺ）　“總干事”指本組織的總干事。在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，負責(zé)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)國際注冊的國際組織可能因不同的學(xué)科和研究領(lǐng)域而有所不同。例如，國際純粹與應(yīng)用化學(xué)聯(lián)合會（IUPAC）在化學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)注冊方面發(fā)揮著一定作用。國際天文學(xué)聯(lián)合會（IAU）在天文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新發(fā)現(xiàn)注冊方面具有重要地位。此外，世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織（WIPO）雖然主要側(cè)重于專利和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護，但在某些與科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)方面也可能有一定的涉及。需要注意的是，具體的負責(zé)組織可能會隨著科學(xué)研究的發(fā)展和國際合作的變化而有所調(diào)整和新增。The Geneva treaty on the international recording of scientific discoveries. In March 1978, it was signed in Geneva, Switzerland by several countries such as Bulgaria. The purpose of the treaty is to promote scientific and technological progress and the use of scientific discoveries that are not protected by the patent law and the author's "discoverer" rights by providing protection, registration and international recognition. The treaty requires the establishment of an "international register of scientific discoveries" to register and announce the scientific discoverers and the contents of scientific discoveries. Scientific discoverers applying for registration must be natural persons, not legal persons. If other people have also done work on the discovery, they must indicate the work they have done when registering. Scientific discoverers must apply within 10 years after completing scientific discoveries. The International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization, which is responsible for registration, conducts formal examination of the application. Do you know that scientific discoveries can also be registered internationally? In 1978, the Geneva Treaty made this dream come true. Imagine that your new discovery will not only gain international recognition, but also protect your rights and freedoms. This is not a dream, this is an international registration procedure for scientific discoveries! It defines scientific discoveries and stipulates how to record and share this knowledge fairly on a global scale. Citizens or residents of any country can apply, as long as they provide detailed information about the discoverer and a description of the scientific discovery. The International Bureau will issue certificates and publish them in the bulletin, so that the whole world can see your achievements. The international registration of scientific discovery has many important meanings and functions: first, it establishes the priority of discovery. In the scientific community, it is often very important who made an important discovery first. Through international registration, we can clearly record the time of discovery and the originator, and avoid the possible priority disputes in the future. Secondly, it helps to promote scientific exchanges and cooperation. The registered information can be made public internationally, so that other researchers can know the latest scientific discoveries in time, thus stimulating new research ideas and cooperation opportunities. Furthermore, it enhances the credibility and authority of scientific discoveries. After the discovery of international registration and certain auditing and certification procedures, these achievements can be more recognized and trusted by the academic community and society. In addition, it can also provide some intellectual property protection for researchers. Although the way of intellectual property protection of scientific discovery itself is different from that of technological invention, registration can protect the reputation of the discoverer and the follow-up research to a certain extent. Finally, it also plays a positive role in the popularization and application of scientific discovery. Registration makes the relevant findings easier to be known by industry and all walks of life, and accelerates its transformation into practical applications and social benefits. On March 3, 1978, in Geneva, the States parties, taking into account the provisions of Article 2 (ⅷ) of the Convention establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, hoped to establish a system of knowledge production, announce the names of discoverers together with their scientific discoveries, encourage discoverers without discrimination, and promote the development of science, hoping to establish a system so that the scientific community and the whole world can refer to the contents of new scientific discoveries. In order to promote the information exchange of the above-mentioned scientific discoveries, so as to benefit the scientific community and the whole world. Considering that the international registration system of scientific discoveries is in line with the interests of all countries, especially developing countries, it is decided to conclude a treaty to establish an international registration system of scientific discoveries within the institutions of the World Intellectual Property Organization. International registration of scientific discoveries Geneva treaty [classification] intellectual property rights [timeliness] Geneva treaty on international registration of scientific discoveries reached an agreement as follows: Contents Article 1 Definition (1) (Definition) In this treaty: (i) "scientific discovery" refers to the understanding of the phenomena, nature or laws of the material world that have not been recognized so far and cannot be confirmed by monks; (ii) "discoverer" refers to a natural person who has made a scientific discovery through observation, research, experiment or reasoning and obtained his knowledge in a clear way; If several natural persons jointly complete the above requirements in the process of making scientific discoveries, the mention of discoverers shall be deemed to refer to all discoverers; (iii) "international registration" refers to the act and result of registering the description and other specified details of scientific discoveries by the International Bureau in the international register of scientific discoveries kept by the Bureau; (iv) "application" means an application for international registration; (v) "Applicant" means the natural person or legal person who makes the application; (vi) "date of discovery" means the date when a scientific discovery was first published or made public; (vii) "Contracting State" means the State which has concluded this Treaty; (viii) "Congress" means the Congress mentioned in Article 12; (vii) "Organization" means the World Intellectual Property Organization; (x) "International Bureau" means the International Bureau of the Organization; (viii) "Director-General" means the Director-General of the Organization. In the field of science, the international organizations responsible for the international registration of scientific discoveries may be different for different disciplines and research fields. For example, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) plays a certain role in the registration of research findings in the chemical field. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) plays an important role in the registration of new discoveries in astronomy. In addition, although the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) mainly focuses on the protection of patents and intellectual property rights, it may also be involved in some intellectual property rights related to scientific discoveries. It should be noted that the specific responsible organizations may be adjusted and added with the development of scientific research and changes in international cooperation.