RIC-seq講座視頻學(xué)習(xí)

系列筆記基于達(dá)澈生物講座視頻,從中初步學(xué)習(xí)了解生信分析中常遇到的組學(xué)分析技術(shù)。
ChIP-seq和 CUT&Tag、CUT&RUN講座視頻筆記 - 簡書
ATAC-seq講座視頻筆記 - 簡書
CLIP、RIP-seq講座視頻筆記 - 簡書
Ribo-seq講座視頻筆記 - 簡書
RIC-seq講座視頻學(xué)習(xí) - 簡書
(eccDNA)circle-seq講座視頻學(xué)習(xí) - 簡書

1、背景(RNA結(jié)構(gòu)研究)

  • 近年來,對于RNA的 Secondary Structure and Its Influence on Gene Regulation 研究越來越多,隨之提出的就是許多測序手段,例如之前學(xué)到的clip-seq、rip-seq等研究RBP在RNA的分布、特定RNA修飾等(其它類似技術(shù)在筆記最后會提下)
  • 但這些方法都不能準(zhǔn)確的解析遠(yuǎn)距離的、非互補(bǔ)配對的RNA-RNA間相互作用;盡管一般RNA間相互作用都是通過蛋白介導(dǎo)的。
  • 在2020年5月,由我國學(xué)者提出的RIC-seq發(fā)表在NATURE上,用于研究intra- and intermolecular RNA–RNA interactions.即單RNA兩處片段互作,或者RNA間互作關(guān)系
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2249-1
    image from the paper

2、RIC-seq

  • RNA in situ conformation sequencing ,RNA原位構(gòu)象測序
  • 實驗方法步驟與之前學(xué)習(xí)的HiC很相像,可以理解為RNA版本的HiC

2.1 實驗步驟(HeLa cell)

如下圖,感覺基本類似hiC


image from original paper
  • 第一階段: In situ 原位,即保持細(xì)胞完整性的條件下
    (1) HeLa cells are crosslinked with formaldehyde and permeabilized with detergents;
    細(xì)胞內(nèi)RNA構(gòu)象用甲醛交聯(lián)固定
    (2) RNAs are randomly cut with micrococcal nuclease and dephosphorylated at their 3′ overhangs;
    用MNase酶切割,篩選RBP綁定的兩條互作RNA片段,并且去磷酸化
    (3) the RNA 3′ end is labelled with pCp–biotin and subsequently treated with FastAP alkaline phosphatase to remove the 3′ phosphate group from ‘Cp–biotin’, and the 5′ overhangs are phosphorylated with T4 polynucleotide kinase (PNK);
    這一步主要是在3'端加pCp生物素標(biāo)記,5'端磷酸化
    (4) all the resulting RNA fragments in close proximity are ligated under in situ and non-denaturing conditions ;
    近端連接,整體上類似數(shù)字8的結(jié)構(gòu)
  • 第二階段:In vitro 在體外,即細(xì)胞裂解,釋放RNA
    (1)total RNA is extracted and fragmented (into fragments approximately 90-nt in length), the RNAs containing C–biotin (about 100 nt) are enriched
    提取“8”性狀的RNA結(jié)構(gòu),打成片段,富集含有生物素標(biāo)記的chimeric read。

Each chimeric read represented one interaction between two different RNA fragments. 如下圖,左邊表示的是intramolecular RNA–RNA interactions;右邊表示的是intermolecular RNA–RNA interactions.


image from paper

(2)then converted into strand-specific libraries for sequencing (about 260 bp in length)
最后片段測序,片段長度集中分布在260bp左右

2.2 結(jié)果比對

  • 得到測序后的fastqc后,最重要的一步就是比對參考基因組,然后得到the set of chimeric reads representing useful data for determining RNA structures and RNA–RNA interactions.
  • 主要步驟如下圖所示


    image from paper

    (1)rawdata → clean data
    FASTQC、trimgalore、cutadapt.......
    (2)去除rRNA(核糖體RNA)
    將序列比對到rRNA參考基因組中,未成功比對上的就是mRNA
    (3)將余下的reads比對到參考基因組,文章使用的是STAR比對軟件,所用到的參數(shù)是

 STAR --runMode alignReads --genomeDir index --readFilesIn read.fq \
--outFileNamePrefix outprefix --outFilterMultimapNmax 100 \
--outSAMattributes All --alignIntronMin 1 --scoreGapNoncan -4 \
--scoreGapATAC -4 --chimSegmentMin 15 --chimJunctionOverhangMin 15

此外還用到了額外的三個參數(shù),以提高reads quality

--alignSJoverhangMin 15 --alignSJDBoverhangMin 10 \
--alignSJstitchMismatchNmax 5 -1 5 5

如上圖中的Chimerically mapped reads、Gapped reads、Aligned pairs含義及關(guān)系暫時還沒有弄清楚。下圖是paper里最后的比對結(jié)果


image from paper

2.3 數(shù)據(jù)分析

  • 在得到Chimeric pair-tags數(shù)據(jù)后就可以進(jìn)行深入的,有關(guān)RNA二級結(jié)構(gòu)的有關(guān)探索了;
  • 具體就不介紹了,可參看原文文獻(xiàn),展示下paper里的幾張圖
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2249-1
  • RIC-seq recapitulates known structures of TERC.


    image.png
  • RNA 3D map showing RNA–RNA interactions across all chromosomes.


    image.png
  • Circos plot showing the MALAT1-, NEAT1- and CCAT1-interacting RNAs.


    image.png
  • A model of CCAT1-5L-mediated chromatin looping on the transcriptional activation of MYC. K, hnRNPK; dashed lines, dimerization.


    image.png

2.4 應(yīng)用范圍

  • 利用圖譜信息,可以在全景式的鑒定出RNA靶標(biāo);
  • 識別出RNA拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)域以及反式互作中心(跨染色體的rna)
  • 增強(qiáng)子和啟動子的深入研究
  • 鑒定RNA互作中心點
  • lncRNA的進(jìn)一步研究等等

附:近十幾年來研究RNA結(jié)構(gòu)的一些方法以及特征
  • 2003 clip -- science
    ultraviolet cross-linking and immunoprecipitation
    RNA-protein, RP

  • 2010 iclip -- nature structure & molecular biology
    individual-nucleotide resolution clip
    單堿基分辨率的clip

  • 2013 structure-seq -- nature
    實驗關(guān)鍵:DMS(dimethyl sulphate)對為保護(hù)的A/C堿基甲基化
    擬南芥

  • 2013 DMS-seq -- nature
    實驗關(guān)鍵:DMS(dimethyl sulphate)對為保護(hù)的A/C堿基甲基化
    酵母和哺乳類細(xì)胞

  • 2014 CLASH
    cross-linking ligation and sequencing of hybrids
    首次推出高通量鑒定RNA-RNA互作靶點---近端連接(hybrids)

  • 2015 icSHAPE -- nature
    首次在活細(xì)胞中以全局方式觀察含有四堿基的RNA二級結(jié)構(gòu)

  • 2016 PARIS -- Resource
    psoralen analysis of RNA interactions and structures
    reversible psoralen cross-linking 可逆補(bǔ)骨脂素交聯(lián)方法,連接兩條互作鏈(不需要蛋白結(jié)合),然后近端連接

  • 2017 hi Clip
    RNA hybrid and individual-nucleotide resolution clip
    在全轉(zhuǎn)錄組水平上鑒定與RBP結(jié)合的特定RNA復(fù)合體的方法
    近端連接(hybrids)

  • 相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)如下

  1. CLIP identifies Nova-regulated RNA networks in the brain. Science, 2003.
  2. iCLIP reveals the function of hnRNP particles in splicing at individual nucleotide resolution. Nat Struct Mol Biol, 2010.
  3. Mapping the miRNA interactome by cross-linking ligation and sequencing of hybrids (CL .ASH). Nat Protoc, 2014.
  4. Genome-wide probing of RNA structure reveals active unfolding of mRNA structures in vivo. Nature, 2014.
  5. In vivo genome-wide profiling of RNA secondary structure reveals novel regulatory features. Nature, 2014.
  6. Structural imprints in vivo decode RNA regulatory mechanisms. Nature, 2015.
  7. RNA Duplex Map in Living Cells Reveals Higher-Order Transcriptome Structure. Cell, 2016.
  8. hiCLIP to identify RNA duplexes that interact with a specific RNA- -binding protein. Nature Protocols, 2017.
  9. RIC-seq for global in situ profiling of RNA- -RNA spatial interactions. Nature, 2020.
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