一、什么是倒裝

例句：

① Does he speak English?

② Is this your book?

③ Have you had lunch?

這三個(gè)句子的共同點(diǎn)是什么？

答案是，它們都是一般疑問句。也就是在主語的前面提個(gè)be動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞，就是倒裝。

二、英語中常見的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

1. so... that... ，such...that...句型中，把 so 或 such 引導(dǎo)的部分置于句首時(shí)用倒裝

舉例：

① He has such an interesting book that we all want to read it.

【倒裝】Such an interesting book does he have that we all want to read it.

他那本書太有趣了，我們都想讀。

② The weather was so cold that we had to stay at home．

【倒裝】So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.

外面天氣太冷了，我們得呆在家里。

③ I found it so difficult to work out the problem that I decided to ask Dayan for advice.

【倒裝】So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to asked Dayan for advice.

我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)問題很難解決，所以我決定向大雁求助。

2. 否定詞放在句首時(shí)用倒裝

舉例：

① 我之前從來沒看過這么感人的電影。

I have never seen such a moving film before.

【倒裝】Never have I seen such a moving film before.

② 我這周一本書都沒讀。

I have read not a single book this week.

【倒裝】Not a single book have I read this week.

③ 這個(gè)解決辦法不可能令所有人都滿意。

This solution will by no means satisfy everyone.

【倒裝】By no means will this solution satisfy everyone.

④ 他的英語不僅說得流利，而且正確。

He not only speaks English fluently but also speaks it correctly.

【倒裝】Not only does he speak English fluently but also he speaks it correctly.

3. so（表肯定），nor/neither（表否定）位于句首，表明承前句子的肯定或否定時(shí)用倒裝

舉例：

① My son likes eating vegetables, I like eating vegetables, too．

【倒裝】My son likes eating vegetables, and so do I.

我兒子喜歡吃蔬菜，我也喜歡。

② Tiechui came late last night, I came late too.

【倒裝】Tiechui came late last night, and so did I.

鐵錘昨晚遲到了，我也遲到了。

④ I don't have classes on sundays, Tiechui doesn't have classes on Sundays either.

【倒裝】I don't have classes on sundays, and neither/nor does Tiechui.

我周日沒課，鐵錘也沒有。

4. as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的倒裝

基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：形容詞 / 副詞/ 分詞 / 名詞（前面不能加冠詞）+ as + 狀語從句

1 ）形容詞放句首的倒裝

舉例：

① Successful as she is, she is still approachable.

【翻譯】雖然她很成功，她依然平易近人。

② Angry as he was, he managed to speak calmly.

【翻譯】雖然他很生氣，但是他講話很平靜。

2 ）副詞放句首的倒裝

舉例：

① Hard as we tried, we can't put up that tent.

【翻譯】我們試了很多次，怎么也搭不起那頂帳篷。

② Much as I love him, I can't stand the way he speaks to me.

【翻譯】雖然我很愛他，但是我真的不能忍受他對我說話的方式。

3 ）名詞放句首的倒裝

舉例：

Child as he is, he knows many social skills.

【翻譯】雖然他是個(gè)孩子，但很懂人情世故。

切記名詞放句首的倒裝，名詞前不能有冠詞。即不能寫成 a child 或 the child。

5. “only + 狀語”位于句首時(shí)用倒裝

舉例：

① You can succeed only by working hard.

【倒裝】Only by working hard can you succeed.

只有努力才能成功。

② One knows the value of freedom only when one loses it.

【倒裝】Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.

只有當(dāng)一個(gè)人失去自由時(shí)才懂得它的珍貴。

③ We can solve the problem on time only in this way.

【倒裝】Only in this way can we solve the problem on time.

我們只有用這種方法才能按時(shí)解決這個(gè)問題。

6. 省略 if 的虛擬語氣用倒裝

舉例：

① 如果我是你，我絕對不會(huì)放棄她。

If I were you, I would never give her up.

【倒裝】Were I you, I would never give her up.

② 如果你要遠(yuǎn)行，我就會(huì)掩上所有的窗戶，世界上的風(fēng)景為了所有的眼睛而生，而我只為你。

If you traveled afar， I would close all the Windows. The scenery in the world are for all eyes, but I only for you.

【倒裝】Did you travel afar， I would close all the Windows.The scenery in the world are for all eyes, but I only for you.

③ 我們要是早點(diǎn)找到她，就能救她的命了。

If we had found her earlier, we could have saved her life.

【倒裝】 Had we found her earlier, we could have saved her life.

三、倒裝句的考點(diǎn)分析

1. 寫作

舉例：

① 我們組在比賽中表現(xiàn)得很好以得到了劉老師的表揚(yáng)。

【翻譯】So well did our group do in the competition that we were praised by Mrs Liu.

② 只有當(dāng)疫情徹底結(jié)束時(shí)，我們才能實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的自由。

【翻譯】Only when the pandemic is completely over will we be truly free.

③ 在任何情況下，父母都不應(yīng)忽略培養(yǎng)孩子自信的重要性。

【翻譯】Under no circumstances should parents neglect the importance of building children's confidence.

④ 只有當(dāng)你取得很多的成功時(shí)，你才會(huì)變得越來越自信。

【翻譯】Only when you achieve a lot of success will you become more and more confident.

⑤ 養(yǎng)寵物不但可以減少老人的孤單而且還可以培養(yǎng)孩子的耐心。

【翻譯】Not only can Keeping pets reduce the loneliness of the elderly but also cultivate the patience of younger children.

2. 長難句分析

首先，需要識(shí)別倒裝句：一般疑問句的語序，但后面沒有問號(hào)。

其次，需要正確翻譯：倒裝不能直接翻譯。

舉例：Never will I marry you.?

不能直接譯為“永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)將要我嫁給你”。

所以，倒裝句一般都要還原成正常語序后再進(jìn)行翻譯。

還原：I will never marry you。我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)嫁給你

舉例：

① Car and film reviewers have gone.So have science and general business reporters.

【翻譯】汽車和電影評(píng)論員紛紛離開。科學(xué)和普通商業(yè)類報(bào)紙也未能留下。

② We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.

【翻譯】我們知道，我們正在進(jìn)入一個(gè)工作需求將迅速變化的時(shí)期，仍然存在的工作的要求也將迅速變化。

③ Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.

【翻譯】只有當(dāng)失業(yè)者帶著簡歷來到就業(yè)中心，注冊在線求職，并開始尋找工作時(shí)， 他們才有資格領(lǐng)取救濟(jì)金，然后他們應(yīng)該每周而不是每兩周報(bào)告一次。

④ In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, and so does conflict between races and classes.

【翻譯】在《經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的道德意義》一書中，經(jīng)濟(jì)歷史學(xué)家本杰明 ?弗里德曼認(rèn)為，無論是在美國國內(nèi)還是國外，長期的經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯或衰退幾乎總是會(huì)讓社會(huì)變得更小氣，更缺乏包容性，而且通常會(huì)阻止或逆轉(zhuǎn)權(quán)利和自由的進(jìn)步。反移民情緒通常會(huì)高漲，種族和階級(jí)之間的沖突也會(huì)加劇。

⑤ Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.

【翻譯】電視是產(chǎn)生和表達(dá)這些感受的手段之一——在歐洲近來發(fā)生的事件中，它把不同的民族和國家聯(lián)系在一起，其作用之大，前所未有。