1. A world turned upside down : ?歷史上有個(gè)同名的英國(guó)民謠“the world turned upside down",世界顛倒了
2. renewable energy : 可再生資源? ： are natural energy sources such as wind, water, and sunlight which are always available.
3. utility : N. A utility is an important service such as water, electricity, or gas that is provided for everyone, and that everyone pays for.公用事業(yè)
4. financed by: 由..提供資金的When someone finances something such as a project or a purchase, they provide the money that is needed to pay for them.
? E.g. Government expenditure is financed by taxation and by borrowing.政征開支靠征稅款和借貸來維持。
5. blanketed with :v. 覆蓋，遮住、If something such as snow blankets in area, it covers it.
6. Photovoltaic (PV) adj.光電池的 producing a voltage when exposed to radiant energy (especially light)
http://www.seia.org/policy/solar-technology/photovoltaic-solar-electric
7. biogas: [不可數(shù)名詞] gas, especially methane , that is produced by dead plants and that can be burned to produce heat 沼氣（由死亡植物產(chǎn)生的甲烷等可燃?xì)怏w）
8. solar generators : 太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電機(jī)
9. pocketed :v. to earn or win an amount of money 掙；賺下
E.g. Last year, she pocketed over $1 million in advertising contracts.
10: subsidy:(pl. -ies) ?[可數(shù)名詞, 不可數(shù)名詞] money that is paid by a government or an organization to reduce the costs of services or of producing goods so that their prices can be kept low 補(bǔ)貼；補(bǔ)助金；津貼 ?E.g. ?to reduce the level of subsidy 降低補(bǔ)貼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
11. surplus : adj. ~ (to sth) more than is needed or used 過剩的；剩余的；多余的
E.g. These items are surplus to requirements (= not needed) . 這幾項(xiàng)不需要
12. anathema :[不可數(shù)名詞, 可數(shù)名詞, 常用單數(shù)形式](formal) a thing or an idea which you hate because it is the opposite of what you believe 可憎的事物；可惡的想法
E.g. Violence was anathema to them. 他們對(duì)暴力深惡痛絕。
13. the fossil-fuel age =the fossil-fuel-era化石燃料時(shí)代
14. utility revenues: 公用事業(yè)收入， N. [不可數(shù)名詞] ( also revenues [復(fù)數(shù)]) the money that a government receives from taxes or that an organization, etc. receives from its business 財(cái)政收入；稅收收入；收益Synonyms:?receipts
15. incumbents :a person who has an official position 在職者；現(xiàn)任者 ?
E.g.the present incumbent of the White House 現(xiàn)任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)
16: decabonise: vt.?remove carbon from (an engine) 除碳 ?decarbonising?
17. disruptive : adj.? causing problems, noise, etc. so that sth cannot continue normally 引起混亂的；擾亂性的；破壞性的 ?E.g.?She had a disruptive influence on the rest of the class.她攪擾了班上其他的學(xué)生。
18. poured : v. 涌向，流入， 在此為短語(yǔ)pour sth into sth ： to provide a large amount of money for sth 向…投入大量金錢；大量投資于 ?E.g.The government has poured millions into the education system.?政府在教育上已投資數(shù)百萬。
關(guān)聯(lián)：pour sth out : ?to express your feelings or give an account of sth, especially after keeping them or it secret or hidden 毫無保留地表達(dá)感情（或思想等）；表露無遺；暢所欲言 ?E.g.?She poured out her troubles to me over a cup of coffee.她一面喝著咖啡，一面向我傾吐著她的煩惱。——related noun outpouring
19.pricey : adj.(pricier, priciest) ??(informal) expensive 昂貴的
20. Robust: adj. (of a system or an organization 體制或機(jī)構(gòu)) strong and not likely to fail or become weak 強(qiáng)勁的；富有活力的 E.g.?robust economic growth?強(qiáng)勁的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)
21. emissions trading scheme : 歐洲碳排放交易體系（方案），是世界上第一個(gè)多國(guó)參與的排放交易體系。是歐盟為了實(shí)現(xiàn)《京都議定書》確立的二氧化碳減少排放的目標(biāo)，而于2005年建立的氣候政策體系，它將《京都議定書》下的減排目標(biāo)分配給各成員國(guó)，參與EU ETS之各國(guó)，必須符合歐盟溫室氣體排放交易指令的規(guī)定，并以履行京都減量承諾，以及減量分擔(dān)協(xié)議作為目標(biāo)，執(zhí)行各國(guó)所轄排放源溫室氣體排放量核配之規(guī)劃工作。再由各成員國(guó)根據(jù)國(guó)家分配計(jì)劃分配給各企業(yè)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)2008年至2012年溫室氣體排放量較1990年減少8%的目標(biāo)。各企業(yè)通過技術(shù)升級(jí)、改造等手段，達(dá)到了減少二氧化碳排放的要求，可以將用不完的排放權(quán)賣給其他未完成減少排放目標(biāo)的企業(yè)。整體EU ETS所覆蓋范圍包括12000多座電站、工廠及其他工業(yè)設(shè)施，幾乎占?xì)W盟二氧化碳排放總量的一半。是全球最大的碳排放總量控制與交易體系。
22. hopes spring eternal 希望永遠(yuǎn)
23. perennial :adj. ?continuing for a very long time; happening again and again 長(zhǎng)久的；持續(xù)的；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的 ?E.g.?the perennial problem of water shortage?缺水這個(gè)老問題
24. a revenue-neutral economy-wide carbon tax: 收入中性經(jīng)濟(jì)寬碳稅
25. marginal cost : N. the increase or decrease in costs as a result of one more or one less unit of output 邊際成本
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_cost
In economics,marginal costis the change in the?opportunity cost?that arises when the quantity produced is incremented by one unit, that is, it is the?cost?of producing one more unit of a good.
在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和金融學(xué)中，邊際成本（marginal cost）指的是每一單位新增生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品（或者購(gòu)買的產(chǎn)品）帶來到總成本的增量。
這個(gè)概念表明每一單位的產(chǎn)品的成本與總產(chǎn)品量有關(guān)。比如，僅生產(chǎn)一輛汽車的成本是極其巨大的，而生產(chǎn)第101輛汽車的成本就低得多，而生產(chǎn)第10000汽車的成本就更低了（這是因?yàn)?a target="_blank" rel="nofollow">規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)）。
但是，考慮到機(jī)會(huì)成本，隨著生產(chǎn)量的增加，邊際成本可能會(huì)增加。還是這個(gè)例子，生產(chǎn)新的一輛汽車時(shí)，所用的材料可能有更好的用處，所以要盡量用最少的材料生產(chǎn)出最多的車，這樣才能提高邊際收益。
邊際成本和單位平均成本不一樣，單位平均成本考慮了全部的產(chǎn)品，而邊際成本忽略了最后一個(gè)產(chǎn)品之前的。例如，每輛汽車的平均成本包括生產(chǎn)第一輛車的很大的固定成本（在每輛車上進(jìn)行分配）。而邊際成本根本不考慮固定成本。
在數(shù)學(xué)上，邊際成本（MC，marginal cost）用總成本（TC，total cost）和數(shù)量（Q，quantity）的偏導(dǎo)數(shù)來表示：
27. at first blush : 乍一看
28. intermittent: adj. stopping and starting often over a period of time, but not regularly 斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的；間歇的 ?Synonyms :sporadic ? ? E.g.?intermittent bursts of applause一陣陣的掌聲
28. in the doldrums: 意氣消沉; 無精打采; 蕭條; <口>意氣消沉;
29. a vicious circle:? 惡性循環(huán) e.g. His increasingly visible chagrin sets up a vicious circle他的明顯的不滿引起了一種惡性循環(huán).
30. deployment : deploy的派生名詞。原V(formal) to use sth effectively 有效地利用；調(diào)動(dòng)
to deploy arguments/resources?利用論據(jù) / 資源
