本文節(jié)選自《經(jīng)濟學人》2019.01.26期，Business版塊中的一篇關(guān)于共享單車的報道。

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Lessons from?the fall of?China’s?bike-sharing?pioneer

the fall of：……的衰落

bike-sharing：共享單車

中國共享單車先驅(qū)的衰落帶來的啟示。

1

When every colour had been?claimed by?rival?bike-sharing firms, Qicai Bike (or “seven colours”)went for?the whole rainbow. Onto these flashy?frames?it fixed?glow-in-the-dark?wheels, hoping perhaps for a night-time?edge over?competitors. Launched in June 2017, Qicai’s?dockless?bicycles joined those of over 70 other bike-share?startups?in Chinese cities, unlocked and paid for with aQR code?through smart-phone apps.

claimed by：被認領(lǐng)，合法擁有【寫作推薦】詞匯

rival：名詞競爭對手，形容詞：相互競爭的

went for：go for，有三個意思，1：適用于……，what I said about her go for you, too?我說的關(guān)于她的話也適用于你。2：去取回某人某物，she’s gone for some milk.?她買牛奶去了。3：喜歡，被吸引，she goes for tall slim man?她喜歡又高又瘦的男人。這里應該是第二個意思，指取用整個彩虹的色彩【寫作推薦】詞匯

frames：框架、骨架，自行車的車架

glow-in-the-dark：發(fā)夜光的，夜光設(shè)計的

edge over：edge，微弱的優(yōu)勢，edge on/over?略勝一籌【寫作推薦】詞匯，have a slight advantage over sth/sb

dockless：“無樁”refers to the fact that the bikes are not locked to dedicated physical stands指的是這些自行車不被鎖在專用的地點

startups：創(chuàng)業(yè)公司

QR code：二維碼（Quick Response）

當每一個顏色都被相互競爭的單車共享公司認領(lǐng)，七彩單車則認領(lǐng)了整個彩虹。七彩單車將夜光車輪安置在華麗的車架上，希望或許一晚上，就能勝過它的競爭者。2017年6月，七彩“無樁”共享單車與超過70家的共享單車公司一樣，進入了中國城市，通過智能手機二維碼解鎖和支付

2

Yet it seemed clear by then that it was a two-bike race—a configuration typical of China’s feverish entrepreneurial battles. That same summer, Ofo, started by students at?the elite Peking University?in 2014,?wheeled?its dockless,?buttercup-yellow?bikes onto the?Tibetan plateau, making?Lhasa?its 100th city. Its main competitor, Mobike, raised over $600m, the largest single dollop of funding in bike-sharing anywhere, in a round led by Tencent, a social-media giant. Each startup was valued at a fizzy $3bn or so.

the elite Peking University：北京大學。elite是精英的意思，如the elite school名校，elite group精英小組

wheeled：用有輪之物推動，這里形象地描述將Ofo單車打入市場

buttercup-yellow：奶油黃

Tibetan plateau：青藏高原

Lhasa：拉薩

然而，那時我們很清楚這是一場兩家公司的競賽——中國狂熱企業(yè)戰(zhàn)的典型配置。那個相同的夏天，在2014年由來自北京大學的學生們創(chuàng)立的Ofo，推動小黃車進入青藏高原，使拉薩成為擁有小黃車的第100個城市。它的主要競爭對手摩拜，募集超過6億美元（單車共享最大的單筆資金投入），參加了一場由騰訊這一社交媒體巨頭引導的競賽。每個公司估價約為30億美元。

3

Now Ofo is?languishing. Lawsuits over bills it has failed to pay?have multiplied, from bike manufacturers, locksmiths and?logistics firms. Last month a court?placed?its 27-year-old founder, Dai Wei,?on a credit blacklist, prohibiting him from staying?in?fancy hotels?or?flying first-class. He and his firm owe suppliers at least 194m yuan ($28.6m). Recently 12m-odd app users waited for?deposit refunds?in a?virtual queue. In a letter to staff, Mr Dai wrote that he had considered bankruptcy. This month Ofo dissolved its?international unit

languishing：to become weaker or fail to make progress，衰弱或停止進步

have multiplied：sth have multiplied?某物成倍增加，可以說：Homework waiting to be completed have multiplied.待完成的作業(yè)在成倍增加【寫作推薦】詞匯

logistics firms：物流公司

place sb on a credit blacklist：將某人列入信用黑名單

fancy hotels：豪華酒店

flying first-class：乘坐飛機頭等艙【地道描述】

deposit refunds：退保押金。Deposit?押金，refund償還

virtual queue：虛擬隊列，即網(wǎng)上排隊等待

international unit：國際子公司

如今Ofo正在衰退，關(guān)于其欠款的訴訟成倍增加，這些訴訟來自于自行車生產(chǎn)商，鎖匠和物流公司。上個月，法院將27歲的創(chuàng)始人戴威列入信用黑名單，禁止其入住豪華酒店或者乘坐飛機頭等艙。他和他的公司欠供應商至少1.94億人民幣（2860萬美元）。最近，1200萬app用戶正在等待退換押金。在一封給工作人員的信中，戴維說道他考慮過破產(chǎn)。本月，Ofo解散其國際子公司。

4

Theft and?vandalism?hurt all firms. Another startup, 3vbike, shut after almost all its 1,000 bikes were stolen. Cities?grew tired of pile-ups?clogging streets. Twelve barred new bikes, including Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, in August 2017, and began to ban ads on them.

vandalism：毀壞破壞公物

grew tired of：對……越來越厭倦【寫作推薦】詞匯。I grew tired of pretending to be happy

pile-ups：堆積物，這里指閑置的共享單車

偷竊和故意毀壞會損害所有的公司。另一個創(chuàng)業(yè)公司—3Vbike，在幾乎所有的1000輛自行車被偷后倒閉了。城市對閑置的共享單車堵塞街頭越來越厭倦。2017年9月，12座城市禁止新的共享單車入城，包括北京，上海和深圳，并且禁止與其相關(guān)的廣告。

5

Against such?headwinds?it has been a surprise to see a new challenger?ascend to?third place behind Ofo and Mobike. Hello-Bike recently raised 4bn yuan, some of it from Alibaba’s Ant Financial, but is?showing signs of?being more disciplined. In late 2017 it merged with a peer, and claims to have bikes in 300 Chinese cities. A co-founder says it was wrong to compare shared-bike services to food-delivery and ride-hailing.?The former?require far larger sums to be invested to win?turf wars, which can lead to oversupply and waste.

headwinds：頂頭風，against such headwinds，意指迎著這樣的逆境

ascend to：上升，攀登?ascend to third place behind，指的是，繼前兩者之后繼續(xù)攀登共享單車這項事業(yè)。

showing signs of：表現(xiàn)出……的跡象

The former：前者，反義詞，the latter?后者

turf wars：地盤戰(zhàn)

面對這樣的困境，這實在是令人驚奇，繼Ofo和Mobike之后還有新的挑戰(zhàn)者。哈啰出行最近籌集了40億元，其中包括了阿里巴巴的螞蟻金服，不過哈羅出行表現(xiàn)的更規(guī)范些。2017年末，它和一個同類公司合并，并聲稱其單車分布在中國的300個城市。一個共同創(chuàng)立者說：“把共享單車服務和送外賣以及打車服務相提并論是不正確的。前者需要更大的資金投入以贏得地盤之爭，而者可能會導致過度供應和浪費”

6

HelloBike’s late entry let it become known in big cities with only about a third as many bikes as Ofo and Mobike?deployed?at their peak. It claims it will?be profitable?this year, mostly from 1-yuan rides. Two-fifths of these are in?lower-tier?cities with little competition, which has?allowed it to?avoid subsidy wars. But the firm has swagger, suggesting it might still get ahead of itself: “If an acquisition happens,” says Mr Li,“we will be the ones devouring others.”

deployed：部署

at their peak：在某人的巔峰時刻，鼎盛時期

be profitable：有利可圖，創(chuàng)造良好的業(yè)績；make a profit

lower-tier：低端的，較低層次的?~ cities?指的是三、四線城市

allowed it to：使其能夠做某事【寫作推薦】詞匯= enable sb to do sth

由于哈啰出行上市較晚，在大城市中，與Ofo和摩拜單車在其巔峰時期部署的單車數(shù)相比，其數(shù)量僅是他們的1/3。哈啰出行聲稱今年將會盈利，主要來源為1元騎行，其盈利地點2/5來源于三、四線城市，那里競爭較少，且能避免補貼戰(zhàn)。不過，這家公司有些過于自信，暗示自己可能會超越預期，李先生說：“如果發(fā)生了一次收購，我們將會是那個吞掉其他公司的一方。”

總結(jié)

claimed by：被認領(lǐng)，合法擁有【寫作推薦】詞匯

went for：go for，有三個意思，1：適用于……，what I said about her go for you, too?我說的關(guān)于她的話也適用于你。2：去取回某人某物，she’s gone for some milk.?她買牛奶去了。3：喜歡，被吸引，she goes for tall slim man?她喜歡又高又瘦的男人。這里應該是第二個意思，指取用整個彩虹的色彩【寫作推薦】詞匯

edge over：edge，微弱的優(yōu)勢，edge on/over?略勝一籌【寫作推薦】詞匯，have a slight advantage over sth/sb

have multiplied：sth have multiplied?某物成倍增加，可以說：Homework waiting to be completed have multiplied.待完成的作業(yè)在成倍增加【寫作推薦】詞匯

flying first-class：乘坐飛機頭等艙【地道描述】

grew tired of：對……越來越厭倦【寫作推薦】詞匯。I grew tired of pretending to be happy

allowed it to：使其能夠做某事【寫作推薦】詞匯= enable sb to do sth