語(yǔ)域
- 縮寫(xiě)詞屬于非正式詞，不能用于公務(wù)書(shū)信
- 在正式文體中，泛指的不定代詞you換為one
非正式：you never know.
正式：one never know.
正式文體中，引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略
插入語(yǔ)使句子更具有正式性
滿分句型和高分詞匯
簡(jiǎn)單句
被動(dòng)
什么時(shí)候用到被動(dòng)：
（1）無(wú)主句
（2）人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)的句子
漢語(yǔ)中只要聽(tīng)到我們、人們、大家、越來(lái)越多的人、許多人等都可以考慮寫(xiě)成被動(dòng)句
舉例：
- 我們應(yīng)該孝敬父母。
Parents should be respected by us/we/people.
可替換：
parents——superiors，the elderly，senior citizens
should——ought to，be supposed to，be obliged to(有法律上的應(yīng)該)
us/we/people——泛指對(duì)象：human beings，private individuals(側(cè)重個(gè)體)，the folks/the masses
具體對(duì)象：teenagers and youngsters，undergraduates(學(xué)生、大學(xué)生、本科生)，students on campus，experts and professors，all children and adults，man and women in all walks(各行各業(yè)的男男女女們)，customers
- 我們不應(yīng)該盲目追星。
Superstars ought to not to be pursued blindly by teenagers and youngsters.
可替換：not——fail to，never，by no means，under no circumstances
- 污染很?chē)?yán)重
Pollution is thought to be very serious by an increasing number of experts and professors.
可替換：
thought ——hold，maintain，have been convinced that
very——distinctly，extraordinarily，more than
serious——grave，severe，fearful，fetal，grievous，critical，be of great serverity
參考：推薦將文章中心寫(xiě)成被動(dòng)句，放在第一段的最后一句，或者第三段的最后一句，總結(jié)文章。
there be 句型
there exist 存在
there seem/appear 好像、似乎
there remain 保持、一直
舉例：
There exits many reasons to explain my idea.
可替換：
many——a sea of ，a host of，a multitude of ，an army of，+可數(shù)名詞）
many——immense amounts of ， +不可數(shù)名詞）
many—— numerous+可數(shù)不可數(shù)都行
reasons——causes，factors，grounds，arguments
explain ——account for，countribute to
idea——point，outlook
- 有確鑿的證據(jù)表明
There is strong evidence to show that...
參考：推薦將there be句型寫(xiě)在第二段的第一句話，引出原因分析的時(shí)候使用
比較結(jié)構(gòu)
（1）as...as...
作文中只要出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞都可以考慮寫(xiě)成這種句型，如果句子不夠長(zhǎng)，還可以加which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)它進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。
Liu is as beautiful as a white lily,which manages to catch the eyes of a host of teenagers and youngsters.
可替換：
be—— look，smell，taste，feel，sound，seem，appear，prove，become，get，keep，remain
beautiful——graceful，elegant
- 自信很重要
Confidence keeps as important as air and water, which play a key role in the normal growth of all creatures in the land.
可替換：
important——vital，significant，play a key role in sth.
- 污染很?chē)?yán)重
Pollution is as serious as earthquakes, which have threatened the health of helpless natives or even taken their lives away.
自己寫(xiě)一個(gè)xxx很重要和一個(gè)xxx很?chē)?yán)重的模板
參考：推薦將本句型第一段的最后一句話，引出文章中心，或者是第三段的最后一句話，總結(jié)。
（2）the more...the more...
the +形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí) +句子，the +形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí) +句子.
- 爬得越高，看得越遠(yuǎn)
The farther one climbs, the higher he will see.
- 越努力，越幸運(yùn)
The harder children and adults work, the more fortunate they will become.
- 文化交流的越頻繁，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的越迅速。
The more frequently cultures are exchanged, the more rapidly Chinese economy will evolve.
- 為什么年齡大的人工作滿意度越高？
The elder employees become, the more pesceful life they will lead.
參考：推薦將本句型寫(xiě)在第二段，原因分析時(shí)使用。
并列句
and but
and替換：likewise, in the meanwhile
but替換：conversely, on the contrary
看圖寫(xiě)作——picture可替換：cartoon, drawing, painting, caricature,photograph
In the former photo, a man is writing the name of Beckham on his face. At the same time, another youngster is spending 300 having his hair cut into the style of Beckham.In the bar chart, the proportion of Japanese brands, from the year of 2008 to 2009, dropped by nearly 10 percent in the Chinese market. On the contrary, the quantity of Chinese cars, in the same period, rocketed from about 25 percent to 33 percent.
參考：推薦將本句型寫(xiě)在第一段，描述 兩個(gè)主體兩個(gè)動(dòng)作和兩幅圖時(shí)使用。
not only... but also...
- 養(yǎng)寵物的好處
Raising peis can reduce the loneliness of senioer citizens.
Raising peis can cultivate the loving heart of kids.
Raising peis can not only reduce the loneliness of senioer citizens but also cultivate the loving heart of kids.
- 為什么孝敬父母
Respecting parents not only keeps a Chinese conventional virtue but also proves to be the responsibility of their offspring.
- 為什么大學(xué)生兼職——兼職工作不但能鍛煉我們自己的實(shí)踐實(shí)力而且還能賺些薪水養(yǎng)活自己。
Part-time jobs not only allow you to exercise practical ability but also make you earn some salaries to support yourself.
- 大學(xué)生為什么出去旅游？
Undergraduates not only can appreciate beautiful scenery during their trip but also can make more friends.
參考：推薦將本句型寫(xiě)在第二段，原因分析時(shí)使用。
復(fù)合句
主語(yǔ)從句
that you never fail to fascinate me is obvious.
it... that...
It is common knowledge that/It is self-evident that/It has been found that/It is beyond dispute that 眾所周知
It keeps my perspective that 我認(rèn)為
更好的主語(yǔ)從句的變體是：What...is that...
參考：作文中任何一句話的前面都可以用本句型，用來(lái)拉長(zhǎng)一句話，推薦寫(xiě)在第一段第一句話的前面，用來(lái)引出描述圖畫(huà)或圖表。
同位語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句
（1）名詞做同位語(yǔ)
My boyfriend, a rich businessman, really has no much time to accompany me.A boy, a crazy soccer fan, is writing the name of Beckham, a well-known sportsman throughout the world, on his face. on his face.
參考：任何一個(gè)名詞都可以加名詞作為同位語(yǔ)，大作文最多兩次，小作文最多一次。
（2）同位語(yǔ)從句
- 她長(zhǎng)著一副大眼睛這個(gè)事實(shí)表明她是一個(gè)美女。
The truth that she wears a pair of big eyes indicates that she looks like a beauty.
- 很多女生都穿上了漂亮的花裙子這個(gè)事實(shí)表明夏天已經(jīng)偷偷的來(lái)了。
The truth that a sea of girls have worn colorful skirts indicates that summer is around the cornor secretly.
- 污染
The truth that a heaven of bright stars and pure moonlight fail to be detected by urban kids indicates that
pollution becomes increasingly fearful in our contemporary society.
參考：推薦將本句型寫(xiě)在第二段，該句型的模板是The truth that+表示原因的句子+indicates that+論點(diǎn)句。
定語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)從句
描述圖畫(huà)時(shí)，必須加定語(yǔ)，使圖畫(huà)的描述很生動(dòng)。
（1）定語(yǔ)
An American girl with a smile on her face is wearing Chinese costume which keeps popular in the southeast of the China.The boy young as well as energetic is rushing to the destination which becomes a new start.The eldest son looking rather cruel as well as ugly is kicking his father who trembles on the ground like a fallen leaf in autumn.
描述圖畫(huà)的萬(wàn)能定語(yǔ)：
- 好的：
as well as 連接兩個(gè)形容詞：
小而可愛(ài)的：cute,lovely；little
年輕貌美的：graceful,elegant；young
自信充滿活力的：confident；energetic
積極樂(lè)觀的：enthusiastic,passionate,optimistic,active（任選2個(gè)）
有夢(mèng)想有追求的：aggressive,ambitious
堅(jiān)持的：persistent
who looks distinctly impressive to readers 給讀者深刻印象
- 壞的：
as well as 連接兩個(gè)形容詞：
fat(肥胖的),cruel(殘忍的),ugly(丑陋的),uncourteous(粗魯?shù)?，不懂禮貌的)
消極悲觀的：negative,gloomy,pessimistic
short-sighted(目光短淺的),double-face(兩面派，虛偽的)
contemptible(卑鄙的),hot-tempered(脾氣壞的)
糟糕的：terrible,disgusting,disgraceful
who looks rather less impressive to readers 不能給讀者留下深刻印象
（2）定語(yǔ)從句
- 他是個(gè)色狼，這是顯而易見(jiàn)的。
He looks like a lady-killer(也可以翻譯為萬(wàn)人迷), which has been widely accepted by the people around him. which has left people a deep impression in our contemporary.(以上兩句形容好壞均可) which might bring people unexpected trouble under modern condition.(這句形容壞的)
定語(yǔ)從句的滿分表達(dá)：
which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以修飾整句話，which翻譯成“這”
參考：本句型為萬(wàn)能句型，可以寫(xiě)在任何一個(gè)陳述句后面，用來(lái)拉長(zhǎng)句子，推薦寫(xiě)在作文的第二段，某個(gè)比較短的原因后面拉長(zhǎng)句子。
狀語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)從句
副詞、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、目的、讓步、伴隨、方式、原因、結(jié)果so...that
We are having class intently(專心地). when .... on the internet. although .... by the internet. because .... so ... that ....
描述圖畫(huà)萬(wàn)能狀語(yǔ)：
in the center of the vivid picture 在這個(gè)生動(dòng)的圖片的中央
分析原因的萬(wàn)能狀語(yǔ)：
in the general routine of everyday living 在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪?/p>
although many people fail to pay attention to the problem 雖然很多人還沒(méi)關(guān)注到這個(gè)問(wèn)題
as many private individuals tends to see it 就像很多個(gè)體所看到的那樣
可替換：pay attention to——pour attention to, place great emphasis on, attach great importance to, shed light on, focus on
problem——issue, matter, current situation, subject
參考：狀語(yǔ)的位置很靈活，隨便放，但是狀語(yǔ)放在主謂之間，作為插入語(yǔ)使用是作文滿分句型。作文的第一段描述圖表或圖畫(huà)時(shí)一定要用狀語(yǔ)，使圖表或圖畫(huà)的描述顯得很完整。
狀語(yǔ)從句的滿分表達(dá)：
although 可以寫(xiě)在任何一句話的旁邊，對(duì)該句話進(jìn)行弱轉(zhuǎn)折
-
為什么說(shuō)盲目追星不好
Pursuring celebrities blindly proves to be a waste of time and energy of students on campus although their touching singing could comport the soul of audiences. -
為什么農(nóng)民工涌入城市
Peasant-workers, in big cities, not only could find more job oppotunities but also enable their offspring to enjoy equal education like their peers(同齡人) in urban areas although they might lead to a though life there, rising early and going to bed late.
參考：推薦寫(xiě)在作文的第二段分析原因時(shí)使用。
so...that... 只要出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞的地方，都可以用這個(gè)句型
Perseverance is so vital that it is good time for youngsters to restrain themselves to insist their dream.Supporting the elderly is so crucial that time is supposed to be spared to accompany their parents.
萬(wàn)能句： sth proves so significant/fearful that it should have been brought into the limelight under modern condition.這件事如此重要/嚴(yán)重以至于它早就應(yīng)該被帶到聚光燈下了
參考：推薦寫(xiě)在作文的第一段的最后一句話引出文章中心時(shí)或第三段第一句話總結(jié)文章時(shí)使用。
分詞作狀語(yǔ)，放在主謂之間，作為插入語(yǔ)使用
I, disliking you now, will breaking up with you.An American girl, smiling, is wearing Chinese costume. An American girl young as well as elegant, smiling sweetly on her face, is wearing Chinese costume which is popular in the sooutheast of China.The hot pot, smoking, isfilled with cultures. The hot pot not only delicious but also healthy, smoking in the center of the vivid picture, is filled with cultures from China and foreign nations.
參考：推薦寫(xiě)在作文的第一段描述一幅圖一個(gè)主體兩個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)使用，它的模板是：sb（主體），doing sth.(次要?jiǎng)幼?+定/狀，is doing sth.(主要?jiǎng)幼?+定/狀。
特殊結(jié)構(gòu)
雙重否定
cannot fail to do sth.=must do
Kids cannnot fail to be educated/inspired by their parent to ...(這里寫(xiě)的越準(zhǔn)確分越高)More activities cannot fail to be organized by their schools to ...University students cannot fail to know their interests as these offer clues for theire future careers.
參考：本句型寫(xiě)在第三段政府/集體/個(gè)人的具體措施時(shí)候使用。
修辭
（1）比喻
xxx對(duì)xxx很重要：...is to ... as water is to fish/as the foundation is to high skyscrapers/as the infinite blue sky is to little larks(云雀)/...
xxx對(duì)xxx很?chē)?yán)重：...is to ...as pollution is to all the human beings/as intensive pain is to terminally ill patients/...
參考：同as...as和so...that...
（2）排比
兩個(gè)就可以算排比
-
形容詞
Liu is a teacher elegant and graceful. Liu is a teacher kind, elegant and graceful. -
副詞
Measures should be taken quickly, toughly and effectly. -
句子
We were in the midst of shock——but we acted.We acted quickly, boldly, decisively. 我們正處于危機(jī)之中，但我們采取行動(dòng)了。我們行動(dòng)迅速、大膽、果斷。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is ... that ...
-
I met my old flame in the street yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met my old flame in the street. It was my old flame that I met in the street yesterday. It was I that met my old flame in the street yesterday. -
有很多的原因解釋這種現(xiàn)象
It is numerous factors that there exist to account for the phenomenon.
參考：作文中的所有句子都可以寫(xiě)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句，但是推薦寫(xiě)在第一段的最后一句話/第二段的第一句話/第三段的第一句話使用。
倒裝
就是把一句話寫(xiě)成一般疑問(wèn)句的形式，給一句話提個(gè)助動(dòng)詞在句首。
（1）否定詞放在句首用倒裝
-
我從來(lái)不是一個(gè)彪悍外向的女人
I am never a woman tough and outgoing. Never am I a woman tough and outgoing. -
他不但看起來(lái)很窮，而且事實(shí)上他的內(nèi)心也很貧窮
He not only looks poor but also in fact is needy in his mind. Not only does he look poor but also in fact is needy in his mind.
（2）so...that...
-
My mather is so kind that she will never kill an ant.
So kind is my mather that she will never kill an ant. So significant/fearful does sth. keep that...
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
if虛擬語(yǔ)氣
If I were you, I would...
-
如果我們都不孝敬父母......
If parents fail to be respected by their sons or daughters, they will be despised(鄙視) by their own children in the near future. If parents failed to be respected by their sons or daughters, they would be despised(鄙視) by their own children in the near future. -
如果每個(gè)大學(xué)生都沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)
If every university students were indulged in surfing the internet every day, he might achieve nothing until the end of life. he might be confronted with a dim and gloomy future.
參考：本句型推薦寫(xiě)在第二段，原因分析的時(shí)候使用（一般用于反面論證），第二個(gè)或第三個(gè)原因
it is imperative/essential/urgent that.... xxx很緊急
that后面加should do表虛擬
It is urgent that Chinese citizens should ...(這里寫(xiě)的越準(zhǔn)確分越高)-
大學(xué)生旅游目的調(diào)查
It is necessary that university students should be encouraged to go out and see the beauty of the world with their friends or just alone. -
參加體育鍛煉
It is important the teenagers and youngsters should participate in more sports activities to keep fit whether indoors or outdoors.
參考：本句型推薦寫(xiě)在第三段，寫(xiě)具體措施時(shí)使用
段落
針對(duì)第二段原因分析，寫(xiě)三個(gè)原因。
如果能用中文想到原因，就用以下的句型寫(xiě)原因：
the more the more
not only but also
although
the truth
if
如果用中文想不到原因，就用以下方式寫(xiě)原因：
段落論證方式
定義和解釋
-
什么是追星
Pursuing stars is a popular trend among youngsters which means that we buy their CDs, we take part in their concerts and we learn to sing their songs when we are still young. -
什么是孝敬父母
Respecting parents is a Chinese traditional virtue which means that we buy gifts for them, we wash clothes for them, and we cook delicious foods for them when they are in need of us. -
什么是樂(lè)觀
Optimism is a positive attitude which means that one fails to be afraid of frustrations, one is brave to face any difficuties and one smiles at people he meets even when he lives in the gutter(陰溝) currenttly.
sth. is 定義 which means that 三個(gè)并列的簡(jiǎn)單句 when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句.
定義 可寫(xiě)：
a severe global issue 一個(gè)全球問(wèn)題
a Chinese traditional virtue 一個(gè)中華民族傳統(tǒng)美德
a social pervasive trend 一個(gè)社會(huì)流行趨勢(shì)
an active/a negative mentality 一種積極/消極心態(tài)
a hot social subject 一種社會(huì)熱門(mén)話題
參考：通常用在第一個(gè)原因分析
統(tǒng)計(jì)和事實(shí)
根據(jù)最近的來(lái)自M的統(tǒng)計(jì)，很多人認(rèn)為...
根據(jù)按照：In light of/ on the basis of
最近的：the latest/current
統(tǒng)計(jì)：survey/statistics
從閱讀理解里抄一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)名字M
an increasing number of 人（可寫(xiě)的具體一些）
think that...
- 大學(xué)生使用手機(jī)調(diào)查
In light of the latest survey in a university, the majority of undergraduates tend to use mobilephones for reading books including professional and non-professional knowledge.
引用名人名言
提前查好名人，然后套以下模板
Once, there seemed a writer(換成一個(gè)具體xxx家)
who has gain great reputation
in ______ named ________(提前查好)
stating that:(開(kāi)始編)
the more...the more..../as....as...../so....that...../if....../比喻(選一個(gè)句型編)
Once, there seemed a writer who has gained great reputation in South Africa stating that: a healthy body is to human beings as water is to fish.
舉例
（1）舉小例子
英語(yǔ)的抽象名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞后可以加such as來(lái)舉小例子
I love reading masterpieces such as Gone with the Wind, Pride and Prejudice, and Little Prince.
（2）舉大例子
等于for example的句子：
Although multitudes of cases can suport my simple view, the following one is most favorable.
To examine this, let's return to the example of sb./sth.
Although multitudes of cases can suport my simple view, the following one is most favorable. I, the other day, had a high fever. Because it rained heavily last night, unfortunately no families or roomates took care of me during the hoilday. At that moment, a dormitory assistant entered to give me some medicines. Then, I recovered the next day. So the story vividly tell us....
舉例時(shí)需要注意：一定要用自己絕對(duì)拿得準(zhǔn)的單詞和語(yǔ)法，在此基礎(chǔ)上，單詞盡量準(zhǔn)確，除非有特別明顯的時(shí)間，通常都用過(guò)去式，正確使用邏輯關(guān)系詞。
因果
if引導(dǎo)的the more the more 虛擬語(yǔ)氣
- 大學(xué)生使用手機(jī)打發(fā)時(shí)間
If more students spent more time on cellphones, killing times, their academic performance would be affected.The pooer their academic performance becomes, the more difficultly the will graduate from universities.
參考：選三種句型，或選兩種句型和一種論證方式。
大作文
圖畫(huà)作文
第一段：圖畫(huà)描述+中心總結(jié)
第一二句話：用主語(yǔ)從句引出描述圖畫(huà)：What is ... is that 圖畫(huà)描述
第三句話：引出寓意的過(guò)渡語(yǔ)：
it is apparent that the author of the drawing tries to reveal to us...
第四句話：中心總結(jié)
we should do sth.
we should never do sth.
sth. is very important
sth. is very serious
(應(yīng)用其他滿分句型替換)
第二段：原因分析
第一句話：引出原因分析的句子
there be句型
The majority of people would agree that the issue has its deep roots as follows.
Personally, it is my belief that some reasons could account for such phenomenon.
If to proceed unchecked, the problem will undoutedly cause many problems.
3個(gè)具體原因分析
首先：first of all/to begain with
The main element for the problem is that其次：besides/in addition/moreover/furthermore
最后：last but not least/consequently/in the end
第三段：總結(jié)措施
第一句話：總結(jié)句
To sum up,+(被動(dòng)/as..as../so..that../比喻)
第二三句話：具體措施
cannot fail to to do
it is urgent that...should...
最后一句話：喊口號(hào)
(1)總結(jié)法
every coin has two sides, sth. is to no exception.
believe that a happy and bright future is awaiting us if we make every effort to promote+好事/ban+壞事
(2)反問(wèn)法
isn't sth. indisensable for the mental health of people?
shouldn't we pay much attention to the issue of sth.?
(3)引語(yǔ)法
just as has put it,"......"
圖表作文
第一段：圖表描述+中心總結(jié)
泛指圖標(biāo)：graph/chart/table
狀圖：pie chart
直方圖或柱形圖：bar chart
線形圖：line chart
表格：table
增加：increase/climb/soar
減少：decrease/go down/continue its downward trend
大幅度地：sharply/markly
慢慢地：slowly/slightly/gradually
第一句話：what is obvious is that+描述圖表
第二句話：過(guò)渡句
第三句話：中心句，自己寫(xiě)（簡(jiǎn)單句加狀語(yǔ)）
第二段：原因分析
同圖畫(huà)作文
第三段：總結(jié)措施
同圖畫(huà)作文
也可以加個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)趨勢(shì)再寫(xiě)措施和總結(jié)
小作文
公務(wù)書(shū)信（給不熟悉的人的）
稱呼
文中給出就用文中的
文中沒(méi)給出：Dear Sir or Madam
正文
第一段：自我介紹+寫(xiě)作目的：
自我介紹：
（1）文中給出：I am+文中給出的信息
（2）文中沒(méi)給：
I am a senior from the department of (專業(yè)名字) in the/a university.(給校內(nèi)人員用the，給校外人員用a)
寫(xiě)作目的：
I am writing the letter, to be honest, in order to+文中給出的目的
第二段（文中一定給出要求，按要求來(lái)寫(xiě)）：
不需要過(guò)渡句，直接寫(xiě)要求的內(nèi)容
推薦句型：
so...that...
主語(yǔ)從句+句子+邏輯關(guān)系詞+句子
原因+狀語(yǔ)從句
第三段（兩句）：
（1）文中做出要求：
第一句寫(xiě)文中的要求
第二句寫(xiě)期待回信
（2）文中沒(méi)有要求：
表示感謝+期待回信
表示感謝：
My thanks to you for your generous assistance are beyond words.
Words fail me when I desire to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kind consideration my requirement/application/complaint
期待回信：
I am looking forward to your reply.
I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
落款
yours turly,
私人書(shū)信（給熟悉的人的）
稱呼
Dear+文中給出的稱呼
正文
第一段：?jiǎn)柡蛘Z(yǔ)+寫(xiě)作目的
問(wèn)候語(yǔ)自己寫(xiě)
寫(xiě)作目的同公務(wù)書(shū)信
第二段（按文中要求寫(xiě)）
同公務(wù)書(shū)信
第三段
（1）文中做出要求：
第一句寫(xiě)文中的要求
第二句寫(xiě)祝福語(yǔ)
（2）文中沒(méi)做出要求：
第一句寫(xiě)祝福語(yǔ)
第二句期待回信
祝福語(yǔ)：
Please bring my best wished to your famliy.
I wish you good health and lots of happinese.
...
落款
同公務(wù)書(shū)信
告示類(lèi)文章
標(biāo)題
正文
第一段：寫(xiě)作目的+具體論述
We are to+寫(xiě)作目的
具體論述同公務(wù)書(shū)信第二段
第二段：歡迎加入+聯(lián)系方式
歡迎加入：
welcome to join us.
聯(lián)系方式：
if you intended to join us, please email us at xxxx@xx.com
